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<p>The rugose spiraling whitefly, <i>Aleurodicus rugioperculatus</i> Martin, and Bondar’s nesting whitefly, <i>Paraleyrodes bondari</i> Peracchi, are invasive phloem- sap feeding pests that threaten coconut (<i>Cocos nucifera</i> L.) production in southern India. This study evaluated genotype-dependent physiological and biochemical responses of six coconut genotypes representing tall, dwarf, and hybrid types under controlled mixed infestation by <i>A. rugioperculatus</i> and <i>P. bondari</i>. Two-year-old palms were maintained in pest-free nylon-mesh cages under standardized greenhouse conditions (25–28&#xa0;°C, 65 ± 5% RH, and 14:10&#xa0;h light:dark photo period) and challenged with 100 individuals of each whitefly species per frond for 20&#xa0;days; three palms (two years old) per genotype and condition were used as independent biological replicates. Healthy and infested leaflet samples were analyzed for photosynthetic pigments, relative water content, structural cell wall constituents, sugars, proline, phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant/phenol-oxidizing enzymes. Whitefly infestation reduced chlorophyll fractions, carotenoids, crude protein, crude fiber, lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, whereas total sugars, proline, phenolics, and SOD, POD, PPO, and CAT activities increased. The resistant tall genotypes WCT and ALR 1 retained higher pigment and structural biochemical stability and showed stronger phenolic and antioxidant enzyme induction than the susceptible dwarf genotypes COD and Ganga Bondam. These results identify WCT and ALR 1 as useful sources of biochemical resistance and support pigment retention, phenolic accumulation, and antioxidant enzyme activity as practical biomarkers for coconut whitefly screening and resistance-oriented breeding.</p>

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Physiological and biochemical defense responses of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) genotypes to rugose spiraling whitefly and Bondar’s nesting whitefly infestation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月25日

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  • Alagar Muthu,
  • Prakash Kolanchi,
  • Arulprakash Ramanathan,
  • Sudhalakshmi Chinnappan,
  • Pagalahalli Sankaran Shanmugam,
  • Murugan Marimuthu,
  • Sheela Venugopal,
  • Baskaran Varadharaj,
  • Kennedy Anjali Kalinta

摘要

The rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin, and Bondar’s nesting whitefly, Paraleyrodes bondari Peracchi, are invasive phloem- sap feeding pests that threaten coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) production in southern India. This study evaluated genotype-dependent physiological and biochemical responses of six coconut genotypes representing tall, dwarf, and hybrid types under controlled mixed infestation by A. rugioperculatus and P. bondari. Two-year-old palms were maintained in pest-free nylon-mesh cages under standardized greenhouse conditions (25–28 °C, 65 ± 5% RH, and 14:10 h light:dark photo period) and challenged with 100 individuals of each whitefly species per frond for 20 days; three palms (two years old) per genotype and condition were used as independent biological replicates. Healthy and infested leaflet samples were analyzed for photosynthetic pigments, relative water content, structural cell wall constituents, sugars, proline, phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant/phenol-oxidizing enzymes. Whitefly infestation reduced chlorophyll fractions, carotenoids, crude protein, crude fiber, lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, whereas total sugars, proline, phenolics, and SOD, POD, PPO, and CAT activities increased. The resistant tall genotypes WCT and ALR 1 retained higher pigment and structural biochemical stability and showed stronger phenolic and antioxidant enzyme induction than the susceptible dwarf genotypes COD and Ganga Bondam. These results identify WCT and ALR 1 as useful sources of biochemical resistance and support pigment retention, phenolic accumulation, and antioxidant enzyme activity as practical biomarkers for coconut whitefly screening and resistance-oriented breeding.