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<p>The melon fruit fly, <i>Bactrocera cucurbitae</i> (Coquillett) is an important notorious pest of many cucurbitaceous vegetables including bitter gourd (<i>Momordica charantia</i>). It often causes substantial yield losses in the Gangetic Alluvial Zone of West Bengal, India. We expected that the genetic variability between bitter gourd genotypes is responsible for the varying degree of resistance to fruit fly infestation through distinct morpho-chemical traits. Field screenings (preliminary and final) of twenty bitter gourd genotypes revealed significant differences in fruit infestation and maggot density per fruit and identified five resistant (US-6214, Asmita, Meghnad-2, Vivek and Chandramukhi), nine moderately resistant (Noble Katahi, Palee, Contai Bolder, Mohar, PAN-1983, Chottu, Deb-520, Malaypuri and NS-454) and six susceptible genotypes (Karishma, Abhishek, Akash, Krishna Kantedar, Prachi and Pusa Do Mausami). Resistant genotypes exhibited antixenotic traits such as long tubercles, higher tubercle density, thicker pericarp and tougher fruits, and higher concentrations of protein, total sugar, ascorbic acid, tannin, flavonols, total phenols, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase. These traits were negatively associated with fruit infestation and maggot density, while higher fruit moisture and chlorophyll contents in the susceptible genotypes were positively correlated. Multiple regression models revealed pericarp thickness, fruit toughness, tannin and flavonols accounted for maximum variation in fruit fly infestation among all morpho-chemical factors. Principal component analysis of morpho-chemical traits using varimax rotation with Kaiser normalization extracted four principal components (PCs), explaining 92.50% of the cumulative variance in fruit fly infestation. PC1, PC2, PC3 and PC4 contributed 62.45%, 15.83%, 9.28% and 4.94% of the total variation, respectively. These findings underscore the importance of leveraging genetic diversity to develop resistant bitter gourd cultivars. Such cultivars can reduce the cost of cultivation and enhance farmers’ income while serving as a critical component of integrated pest management strategies.</p>

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Assessment of resistance traits in bitter gourd genotypes against melon fruit fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett): morphological and biochemical insights

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月26日

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  • Koushik Sen,
  • Snigdha Samanta,
  • Tanmoy Satpati,
  • Partha Protim Dhar,
  • Arunava Samanta

摘要

The melon fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) is an important notorious pest of many cucurbitaceous vegetables including bitter gourd (Momordica charantia). It often causes substantial yield losses in the Gangetic Alluvial Zone of West Bengal, India. We expected that the genetic variability between bitter gourd genotypes is responsible for the varying degree of resistance to fruit fly infestation through distinct morpho-chemical traits. Field screenings (preliminary and final) of twenty bitter gourd genotypes revealed significant differences in fruit infestation and maggot density per fruit and identified five resistant (US-6214, Asmita, Meghnad-2, Vivek and Chandramukhi), nine moderately resistant (Noble Katahi, Palee, Contai Bolder, Mohar, PAN-1983, Chottu, Deb-520, Malaypuri and NS-454) and six susceptible genotypes (Karishma, Abhishek, Akash, Krishna Kantedar, Prachi and Pusa Do Mausami). Resistant genotypes exhibited antixenotic traits such as long tubercles, higher tubercle density, thicker pericarp and tougher fruits, and higher concentrations of protein, total sugar, ascorbic acid, tannin, flavonols, total phenols, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase. These traits were negatively associated with fruit infestation and maggot density, while higher fruit moisture and chlorophyll contents in the susceptible genotypes were positively correlated. Multiple regression models revealed pericarp thickness, fruit toughness, tannin and flavonols accounted for maximum variation in fruit fly infestation among all morpho-chemical factors. Principal component analysis of morpho-chemical traits using varimax rotation with Kaiser normalization extracted four principal components (PCs), explaining 92.50% of the cumulative variance in fruit fly infestation. PC1, PC2, PC3 and PC4 contributed 62.45%, 15.83%, 9.28% and 4.94% of the total variation, respectively. These findings underscore the importance of leveraging genetic diversity to develop resistant bitter gourd cultivars. Such cultivars can reduce the cost of cultivation and enhance farmers’ income while serving as a critical component of integrated pest management strategies.