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<p><i>Pinellia ternata</i> is a high-value medicinal plant increasingly produced under controlled cultivation systems to address rising market demand. However, hydroponic substrates may act as reservoirs for microbial colonization, potentially affecting plant health and raw material quality. In this study, we characterized culturable fungal contaminants (molds and yeasts) associated with sponge substrates used for nutrient film technique (NFT) hydroponic cultivation of <i>P. ternata</i>. Fungal communities were investigated using a multi-media isolation approach across seven agar formulations, followed by macroscopic and microscopic phenotyping and molecular identification using 18&#xa0;S (SSU) and/or 28&#xa0;S (LSU) rDNA sequencing. After 7 days of culture, diverse colony morphotypes were recovered, and a non-redundant panel of 20 purified isolates was assembled. Among these, 12 isolates yielded interpretable sequences with high similarity to reference accessions (query coverage 98–100%; identity 98.5–99.8%), while eight isolates failed to generate usable reads. Identified molds included <i>Fusarium keratoplasticum</i> (<i>n</i> = 3), <i>Fusarium foetens</i> (<i>n</i> = 2), <i>Albifimbria verrucaria</i> (<i>n</i> = 1), <i>Clonostachys rosea</i> f. <i>catenulata</i> (<i>n</i> = 1), <i>Penicillium namyslowskii</i> (<i>n</i> = 1), and <i>Subuliphorum camptosporum</i> (<i>n</i> = 1). Yeasts were identified as <i>Meyerozyma guilliermondii</i> (<i>n</i> = 2) and <i>Rhodotorula mucilaginosa</i> (<i>n</i> = 1). Colonies recovered on LBA were confirmed as bacterial contaminants by microscopy and negative fungal PCR. Overall, the results establish baseline culture-based data for sponge-associated fungi in hydroponically grown <i>P. ternata</i> and support routine monitoring and sanitation strategies in recirculating systems.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Multiple media isolation and morpho-molecular identification of sponge fungal contamination in hydroponic Pinellia ternata

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月29日

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  • Ade Buchori,
  • Ariranur Haniffadli,
  • Kenneth Happy,
  • Yeongjun Ban,
  • Youngmin Kang

摘要

Pinellia ternata is a high-value medicinal plant increasingly produced under controlled cultivation systems to address rising market demand. However, hydroponic substrates may act as reservoirs for microbial colonization, potentially affecting plant health and raw material quality. In this study, we characterized culturable fungal contaminants (molds and yeasts) associated with sponge substrates used for nutrient film technique (NFT) hydroponic cultivation of P. ternata. Fungal communities were investigated using a multi-media isolation approach across seven agar formulations, followed by macroscopic and microscopic phenotyping and molecular identification using 18 S (SSU) and/or 28 S (LSU) rDNA sequencing. After 7 days of culture, diverse colony morphotypes were recovered, and a non-redundant panel of 20 purified isolates was assembled. Among these, 12 isolates yielded interpretable sequences with high similarity to reference accessions (query coverage 98–100%; identity 98.5–99.8%), while eight isolates failed to generate usable reads. Identified molds included Fusarium keratoplasticum (n = 3), Fusarium foetens (n = 2), Albifimbria verrucaria (n = 1), Clonostachys rosea f. catenulata (n = 1), Penicillium namyslowskii (n = 1), and Subuliphorum camptosporum (n = 1). Yeasts were identified as Meyerozyma guilliermondii (n = 2) and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (n = 1). Colonies recovered on LBA were confirmed as bacterial contaminants by microscopy and negative fungal PCR. Overall, the results establish baseline culture-based data for sponge-associated fungi in hydroponically grown P. ternata and support routine monitoring and sanitation strategies in recirculating systems.

Graphical abstract