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<p>The continuous cropping obstacle in the long-term cultivation of ginseng (<i>Panax ginseng</i> Meyer) is closely associated with imbalances in the soil microbial community. However, the underlying ecological principles that drive these age-related changes in the microbial community and their subsequent functional consequences remain poorly understood. Our study revealed that bacterial richness and diversity generally increased with ginseng cultivation age. The microbial community structure exhibited significant age-dependent shifts, characterized by a systematic succession of specific taxa. Notably, the abundance of putative r-strategist genera, such as <i>Clostridium</i>, decreased, while putative K-strategist genera, including <i>Reyranella</i> and <i>Sandaracinus</i>, increased. Functional genomic analysis revealed that this taxonomic succession was closely linked to a shift in community-level metabolic strategies. The abundance of pathways related to simple sugar degradation decreased, whereas pathways for complex carbohydrate metabolism (starch biosynthesis), efficient energy production (Entner-Doudoroff pathway), and specific amino acid and lipid metabolism significantly expanded over longer cultivation periods. We discover that the ginseng rhizosphere microbiome undergoes a systematic ecological succession with cultivation age, shifting from an r-strategist community utilizing simple sugars to a K-strategist community adapted to metabolize complex organic matter. This functional transition highlights the adaptive microbial strategies that facilitate successful, long-term ginseng cultivation.</p>

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Profiling the taxonomic and functional succession of a stable bacterial community during six years of Panax ginseng cultivation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Hyeonseon Park,
  • Semi Jeon,
  • Youshin Kim,
  • Man-Young Jung,
  • Hojin Ryu,
  • Donghwan Shim

摘要

The continuous cropping obstacle in the long-term cultivation of ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is closely associated with imbalances in the soil microbial community. However, the underlying ecological principles that drive these age-related changes in the microbial community and their subsequent functional consequences remain poorly understood. Our study revealed that bacterial richness and diversity generally increased with ginseng cultivation age. The microbial community structure exhibited significant age-dependent shifts, characterized by a systematic succession of specific taxa. Notably, the abundance of putative r-strategist genera, such as Clostridium, decreased, while putative K-strategist genera, including Reyranella and Sandaracinus, increased. Functional genomic analysis revealed that this taxonomic succession was closely linked to a shift in community-level metabolic strategies. The abundance of pathways related to simple sugar degradation decreased, whereas pathways for complex carbohydrate metabolism (starch biosynthesis), efficient energy production (Entner-Doudoroff pathway), and specific amino acid and lipid metabolism significantly expanded over longer cultivation periods. We discover that the ginseng rhizosphere microbiome undergoes a systematic ecological succession with cultivation age, shifting from an r-strategist community utilizing simple sugars to a K-strategist community adapted to metabolize complex organic matter. This functional transition highlights the adaptive microbial strategies that facilitate successful, long-term ginseng cultivation.