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<p>In conventional lithium-ion battery (LIB) manufacturing, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is commonly used as a solvent for slurry-based cathode fabrication, despite its high cost and environmental burden. To overcome these limitations, NMP-free electrode fabrication strategies have been proposed as practical alternatives. In this study, NMP-free electrodes were fabricated using three different mixing methods and two binder systems, including powder-based processing and a solvent-assisted PTFE fibrillation approach employing low-toxicity volatile solvents. The electrochemical performance of the electrodes was evaluated through galvanostatic charge–discharge testing and differential capacity (dQ/dV) analysis. The solvent-assisted PTFE-based electrode exhibited reduced surface roughness, low irreversible capacity, and stable cycling behavior, whereas powder-based electrodes showed increased irreversible capacity and accelerated degradation. Differential capacity analysis revealed that in NMP-free electrode systems, the electrode morphology is governed by the combined effects of mixing strategy, binder system, and fabrication process, which together influence interfacial stability and electrochemical behavior. These results demonstrated that mixing strategy and binder behavior played critical roles in determining the performance of NMP-free electrodes, providing practical insights for cost-effective and high-areal-capacity LIB fabrication.</p>

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Effect of Mixing Methods and Binder Systems on the Electrochemical Performance of NMP-Free Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月22日

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  • Seongbin Kang,
  • Jueun Kim,
  • Mihee Park,
  • Minjoon Park

摘要

In conventional lithium-ion battery (LIB) manufacturing, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is commonly used as a solvent for slurry-based cathode fabrication, despite its high cost and environmental burden. To overcome these limitations, NMP-free electrode fabrication strategies have been proposed as practical alternatives. In this study, NMP-free electrodes were fabricated using three different mixing methods and two binder systems, including powder-based processing and a solvent-assisted PTFE fibrillation approach employing low-toxicity volatile solvents. The electrochemical performance of the electrodes was evaluated through galvanostatic charge–discharge testing and differential capacity (dQ/dV) analysis. The solvent-assisted PTFE-based electrode exhibited reduced surface roughness, low irreversible capacity, and stable cycling behavior, whereas powder-based electrodes showed increased irreversible capacity and accelerated degradation. Differential capacity analysis revealed that in NMP-free electrode systems, the electrode morphology is governed by the combined effects of mixing strategy, binder system, and fabrication process, which together influence interfacial stability and electrochemical behavior. These results demonstrated that mixing strategy and binder behavior played critical roles in determining the performance of NMP-free electrodes, providing practical insights for cost-effective and high-areal-capacity LIB fabrication.