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<p>The rising level of CO<sub>2</sub> concentration in the atmosphere that breached the 421ppm mark is a serious challenge to environmental and economic sustainability. Microalgae have emerged as a sustainable and efficient biological platform for CO<sub>2</sub> capture, offering rates 10–50 times higher than terrestrial plants. This work critically analyzes the recent developments concerning microalgae-based technology in CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration, generation of bioenergy, and synthesis of high-value products. Particularly, hybrid cultivation systems, nanotechnology-assisted carbon fixation, and artificial intelligent (AI) combined with bioreactor optimization demonstrated productivity up to a 45% increase in carbon intake and up to 60% improvement in lipid productivity. This study systematically assesses the cultivation mode (photoautotrophic, heterotrophic, mixotrophic), CO<sub>2</sub> feeding methods, harvesting, drying technology, cost-benefit, and lifecycle analysis. Challenges such as scalability, contamination, energy demands, and commercialization hurdles are discussed. A key novelty of this review is the integration of recent trends in genetic engineering, circular bioeconomy strategies, and interdisciplinary approaches for enhancing process efficiency. In addition, it points out major blind spots in existing systems, including low biomass yields in open ponds and underdeveloped hybrid photobioreactors. This review offers an inclusive plan of industrial implementation, promoting interdisciplinary cooperation between academia and industry, and innovative policy to face the action plan of implementation of microalgae technologies to impact climate change mitigation.</p>

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A Review on Sustainable Microalgae-Based Approaches for CO2 Capture, Bioenergy, and Value-Added Products

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月12日

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  • Minal Deshmukh,
  • Tanvi R. Kothawade,
  • Aadil Pathan,
  • Uma Sankar Behera,
  • Jitendra S. Sangwai,
  • Hun-Soo Byun

摘要

The rising level of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere that breached the 421ppm mark is a serious challenge to environmental and economic sustainability. Microalgae have emerged as a sustainable and efficient biological platform for CO2 capture, offering rates 10–50 times higher than terrestrial plants. This work critically analyzes the recent developments concerning microalgae-based technology in CO2 sequestration, generation of bioenergy, and synthesis of high-value products. Particularly, hybrid cultivation systems, nanotechnology-assisted carbon fixation, and artificial intelligent (AI) combined with bioreactor optimization demonstrated productivity up to a 45% increase in carbon intake and up to 60% improvement in lipid productivity. This study systematically assesses the cultivation mode (photoautotrophic, heterotrophic, mixotrophic), CO2 feeding methods, harvesting, drying technology, cost-benefit, and lifecycle analysis. Challenges such as scalability, contamination, energy demands, and commercialization hurdles are discussed. A key novelty of this review is the integration of recent trends in genetic engineering, circular bioeconomy strategies, and interdisciplinary approaches for enhancing process efficiency. In addition, it points out major blind spots in existing systems, including low biomass yields in open ponds and underdeveloped hybrid photobioreactors. This review offers an inclusive plan of industrial implementation, promoting interdisciplinary cooperation between academia and industry, and innovative policy to face the action plan of implementation of microalgae technologies to impact climate change mitigation.