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<p>Advancing next-generation rechargeable batteries requires a precise understanding and control of nanostructural changes during operation. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) has emerged as a powerful, non-destructive characterization technique that uniquely complements traditional methods such as TEM and SAXS. With high sensitivity to light elements (e.g., H, Li) and deep penetration into bulk materials, SANS enables quantitative analysis of pore morphology, interfacial structure, and phase behavior across length scales of 1–300&#xa0;nm. This review presents a comprehensive overview of SANS applications in lithium-ion, lithium–sulfur, lithium–metal, all-solid-state, sodium-ion, and metal–air battery systems. We highlight how advanced modeling approaches—such as contrast variation, Teubner–Strey, Guinier–Porod, and DAB models—facilitate the interpretation of complex nanostructures. Particular emphasis is placed on operando SANS studies, which offer real-time insight into dendrite formation, solid-electrolyte interphase evolution, and ion-storage dynamics, underscoring the growing importance of SANS in electrochemical energy research. This review aims to serve as a practical and conceptual guide for researchers seeking to apply SANS to battery systems, offering key strategies and perspectives for future materials design and mechanistic studies.</p>

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Small-Angle Neutron Scattering from Research Nuclear Reactor Sources: Probing Nanostructures in Rechargeable Battery

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月10日

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  • Ji Sung Park,
  • Gyeongjun Kim,
  • Joo-Young Park,
  • In Beom Heo,
  • Jin Man Kim,
  • Joonwon Lim,
  • Hyeong Min Jin

摘要

Advancing next-generation rechargeable batteries requires a precise understanding and control of nanostructural changes during operation. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) has emerged as a powerful, non-destructive characterization technique that uniquely complements traditional methods such as TEM and SAXS. With high sensitivity to light elements (e.g., H, Li) and deep penetration into bulk materials, SANS enables quantitative analysis of pore morphology, interfacial structure, and phase behavior across length scales of 1–300 nm. This review presents a comprehensive overview of SANS applications in lithium-ion, lithium–sulfur, lithium–metal, all-solid-state, sodium-ion, and metal–air battery systems. We highlight how advanced modeling approaches—such as contrast variation, Teubner–Strey, Guinier–Porod, and DAB models—facilitate the interpretation of complex nanostructures. Particular emphasis is placed on operando SANS studies, which offer real-time insight into dendrite formation, solid-electrolyte interphase evolution, and ion-storage dynamics, underscoring the growing importance of SANS in electrochemical energy research. This review aims to serve as a practical and conceptual guide for researchers seeking to apply SANS to battery systems, offering key strategies and perspectives for future materials design and mechanistic studies.