<p>The traditional medical system requires patients to visit hospitals for examinations and diagnoses, which can be inconvenient. Consequently, the demand for more accessible and convenient health monitoring solutions has been increasing. Stretchable healthcare devices, which can bend and stretch to fit the body’s complex curves, have gained attention for their ability to provide real-time data while being comfortable to wear. These devices adhere closely to the skin, allowing continuous monitoring of vital signs in daily life. Recent technological advancements have established stretchable healthcare devices as essential alternatives in various medical applications. This review categorizes healthcare devices into five main types: biochemical, cardiovascular, neural and brain activity, temperature, and optical and imaging sensors. Each sensor type is described with a focus on its role in the healthcare field, recent technological trends, and performance improvements achieved through innovative materials. Emphasis is placed on the necessity of sensors for real-time monitoring, with examples showcasing cases where material innovations have enhanced accuracy and sensitivity. This review highlights the potential of integrated wearable healthcare systems to drive advancements in personalized healthcare and disease prevention.</p>