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<p>Armophorean ciliates are crucial members of microbial communities in anaerobic or hypoxic environments. Despite their ecological importance, their diversity remains poorly understood due to undersampling and limited taxonomic knowledge. In this study, three <i>Metopus</i> populations from anaerobic sediments of brackish waters were investigated with living observation, protargol staining and molecular phylogenetic methods. The members of the two populations were considered conspecific as a new <i>Metopus</i> member, namely <i>M. lynni</i> sp. nov., and the other population represented an additional new species, <i>M. foissneri</i> sp. nov. When compared to similar congeners, <i>M. lynni</i> is characterized by ellipsoidal body, elongated ellipsoidal macronucleus, 38–55 somatic kineties and 8–14 preoral dome kineties. <i>M. foissneri</i> can be recognized by taper-shaped body, elongated and elliptical macronucleus with tapering ends, 27–38 somatic kineties and 9–13 preoral dome kineties. These taxonomic identifications were supported by their sequence divergence. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the non-monophyly of <i>Metopus</i> as was previously found, which questions the monophyly of both genus <i>Metopus</i> and family Metopidae.</p>

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Morphological Characterization and Phylogenic Assignment of Two New Species in Genus Metopus (Ciliphora, Armophorea) Collected from North China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月24日

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  • Qianrui Niu,
  • Yunfeng Wang,
  • Daode Ji

摘要

Armophorean ciliates are crucial members of microbial communities in anaerobic or hypoxic environments. Despite their ecological importance, their diversity remains poorly understood due to undersampling and limited taxonomic knowledge. In this study, three Metopus populations from anaerobic sediments of brackish waters were investigated with living observation, protargol staining and molecular phylogenetic methods. The members of the two populations were considered conspecific as a new Metopus member, namely M. lynni sp. nov., and the other population represented an additional new species, M. foissneri sp. nov. When compared to similar congeners, M. lynni is characterized by ellipsoidal body, elongated ellipsoidal macronucleus, 38–55 somatic kineties and 8–14 preoral dome kineties. M. foissneri can be recognized by taper-shaped body, elongated and elliptical macronucleus with tapering ends, 27–38 somatic kineties and 9–13 preoral dome kineties. These taxonomic identifications were supported by their sequence divergence. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the non-monophyly of Metopus as was previously found, which questions the monophyly of both genus Metopus and family Metopidae.