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<p>Knowledge of the enrichment mechanisms of rare earth elements (REEs) and yttrium (REY) in deep-sea sediments is critical for strategic resource exploration. However, the nonlinear coupling effects of multiple environmental factors on REY enrichment remain poorly understood. This study presents a geochemical analysis of major, trace, and REEs from sediment Core XT06, dated by high-resolution paleomagnetic stratigraphy. Combined with environmental proxy indicators (excess Ba, Si, and Mn), the sedimentary sequence was divided into three stages. Using element correlation analysis, REY distribution patterns, and kernel principal component analysis (K-PCA), we systematically investigated the host phases, sources, and primary environmental controls on REY enrichment. The results indicate that while the correlations between REY concentrations and P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, CaO, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and MnO vary across the three stages, bioapatite and Fe-Mn (oxyhydr)oxides remain the dominant host phases overall. REY distribution patterns suggest that seawater is the dominant source. K-PCA decoupled the nonlinear interactions among environmental factors, revealing that the principal component controlling REY enrichment (PC1) is closely associated with eolian input and biological productivity. A comparison with five globally representative REY-rich deep-sea sedimentary regions shows that the enrichment mechanism in this area exhibits both regional specificity and global relevance. This study represents the first use of K-PCA to disentangle the nonlinear coupling of environmental factors influencing deep-sea REY enrichment. We propose a ‘Carrier–Source–Environment Synergy’ model for semi-enclosed marginal sea basins, providing a new perspective for the assessment of deep-sea REY resources.</p>

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Enrichment Mechanisms of Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium in the West Philippine Basin Since the Early Pleistocene: Insights from Kernel Principal Component Analysis of Core XT06 Sediments

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月1日

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  • Yuhan Cao,
  • Huanyu Shi,
  • Yunfeng He,
  • Qiuping Li,
  • Xue Ding,
  • Panfeng Li,
  • Fenglei Gao,
  • Ming Liu,
  • Bangqi Hu

摘要

Knowledge of the enrichment mechanisms of rare earth elements (REEs) and yttrium (REY) in deep-sea sediments is critical for strategic resource exploration. However, the nonlinear coupling effects of multiple environmental factors on REY enrichment remain poorly understood. This study presents a geochemical analysis of major, trace, and REEs from sediment Core XT06, dated by high-resolution paleomagnetic stratigraphy. Combined with environmental proxy indicators (excess Ba, Si, and Mn), the sedimentary sequence was divided into three stages. Using element correlation analysis, REY distribution patterns, and kernel principal component analysis (K-PCA), we systematically investigated the host phases, sources, and primary environmental controls on REY enrichment. The results indicate that while the correlations between REY concentrations and P2O5, CaO, Fe2O3, and MnO vary across the three stages, bioapatite and Fe-Mn (oxyhydr)oxides remain the dominant host phases overall. REY distribution patterns suggest that seawater is the dominant source. K-PCA decoupled the nonlinear interactions among environmental factors, revealing that the principal component controlling REY enrichment (PC1) is closely associated with eolian input and biological productivity. A comparison with five globally representative REY-rich deep-sea sedimentary regions shows that the enrichment mechanism in this area exhibits both regional specificity and global relevance. This study represents the first use of K-PCA to disentangle the nonlinear coupling of environmental factors influencing deep-sea REY enrichment. We propose a ‘Carrier–Source–Environment Synergy’ model for semi-enclosed marginal sea basins, providing a new perspective for the assessment of deep-sea REY resources.