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<p>Understanding when and how the Yellow River connected with the sea is crucial for studying the sedimentary evolution of marginal seas, as the river has shaped East Asian landforms and facilitated material exchange. However, the lack of long-term, continuous, and high-resolution sedimentary archives has led to controversies regarding the precise timing and driving mechanisms of this process. This study utilized high-resolution sedimentary records from Core CSH05 in the Bohai Strait (120.45°E, 38.34°N), covering the past 1.35 Myr. Through a comprehensive analysis of clay mineral assemblages, elemental geochemistry, and paleomagnetic dating, this study reveals the timing of the Yellow River’s dominance in Bohai Sea sedimentation and the multifactor coupling mechanisms driving this sedimentation process. Provenance studies show that the clay mineral assemblage in Core CSH05 shifted from being dominated by smectite to illite around 0.94 Myr, and this assemblage was also influenced by Yellow River materials, characterized by high CaO content. The (La/Sm)<sub>n</sub> ratio continued to decrease after 0.94 Myr, marking the onset of the Yellow River’s dominant role in supplying sediment to the Bohai Sea. The connection of the Yellow River to the sea is influenced by tectonic movements, sea-level changes, and climate evolution. The period 0.94 Myr coincides with the acceleration of the Kunhuang movement on the Tibetan Plateau (0.8 Myr) and the accelerated collapse of the Miaodao uplift. These events provided the driving force for the Yellow River to flow into the sea. During the middle Pleistocene transition (1.25–0.70 Myr), the enhancement of the East Asian summer monsoon and increased precipitation boosted the river erosion capacity. During Marine Isotope Stages 22–24, the continued decline in sea level lowered the erosion base level, triggering upstream erosion. This study clarifies the timing of the entry of the Yellow River into the sea and enhances our understanding of the coordinated control mechanisms of tectonic movements, climate evolution, and sea-level fluctuations in large river-marginal sea systems, offering new insights for the study of Quaternary provenance in the Bohai Sea.</p>

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A Mid-Pleistocene Provenance Shift in the Bohai Strait at 0.94 Myr: Implications for Synergistic Controls on Yellow River Integration

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • Wei Xiong,
  • Xi Mei,
  • Long Huang,
  • Naishuang Bi,
  • Zongzhu Han,
  • Yong Zhang,
  • Zhonglei Wang

摘要

Understanding when and how the Yellow River connected with the sea is crucial for studying the sedimentary evolution of marginal seas, as the river has shaped East Asian landforms and facilitated material exchange. However, the lack of long-term, continuous, and high-resolution sedimentary archives has led to controversies regarding the precise timing and driving mechanisms of this process. This study utilized high-resolution sedimentary records from Core CSH05 in the Bohai Strait (120.45°E, 38.34°N), covering the past 1.35 Myr. Through a comprehensive analysis of clay mineral assemblages, elemental geochemistry, and paleomagnetic dating, this study reveals the timing of the Yellow River’s dominance in Bohai Sea sedimentation and the multifactor coupling mechanisms driving this sedimentation process. Provenance studies show that the clay mineral assemblage in Core CSH05 shifted from being dominated by smectite to illite around 0.94 Myr, and this assemblage was also influenced by Yellow River materials, characterized by high CaO content. The (La/Sm)n ratio continued to decrease after 0.94 Myr, marking the onset of the Yellow River’s dominant role in supplying sediment to the Bohai Sea. The connection of the Yellow River to the sea is influenced by tectonic movements, sea-level changes, and climate evolution. The period 0.94 Myr coincides with the acceleration of the Kunhuang movement on the Tibetan Plateau (0.8 Myr) and the accelerated collapse of the Miaodao uplift. These events provided the driving force for the Yellow River to flow into the sea. During the middle Pleistocene transition (1.25–0.70 Myr), the enhancement of the East Asian summer monsoon and increased precipitation boosted the river erosion capacity. During Marine Isotope Stages 22–24, the continued decline in sea level lowered the erosion base level, triggering upstream erosion. This study clarifies the timing of the entry of the Yellow River into the sea and enhances our understanding of the coordinated control mechanisms of tectonic movements, climate evolution, and sea-level fluctuations in large river-marginal sea systems, offering new insights for the study of Quaternary provenance in the Bohai Sea.