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<p>The structural characteristics of underwater acoustic fields are governed by propagating modes. Underwater acoustic signal processing requires accurate identification of both the number and types of these modes, which also has significant potential applications in underwater target detection, underwater communication, and ocean environment inversion. For a vertical line array (VLA), the conventional singular value (SV) method can estimate the mode number in high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions, but it fails to discriminate modal types and suffers rapid performance degradation in practical low-SNR environments. To overcome these limitations, a novel optimal projection residual (OPR) method that simultaneously identifies the number and types of acoustic propagating modes in the acoustic field of a VLA was developed. Comprehensive numerical simulations and experimental data demonstrate two distinct advantages of the proposed OPR method compared to the conventional SV method: 1) the OPR method enables more accurate estimation of the number of propagating modes, and 2) it can efficiently identify both the number and types of acoustic propagating modes.</p>

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An Optimal Projection Residual Method for Identifying the Number and Types of Underwater Acoustic Propagating Modes Using a Vertical Line Array

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月13日

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  • Shuang Zhang,
  • Yinquan Zhang,
  • Jinxing Qin,
  • Zhenglin Li,
  • Yonggang Guo,
  • Shuanglin Wu

摘要

The structural characteristics of underwater acoustic fields are governed by propagating modes. Underwater acoustic signal processing requires accurate identification of both the number and types of these modes, which also has significant potential applications in underwater target detection, underwater communication, and ocean environment inversion. For a vertical line array (VLA), the conventional singular value (SV) method can estimate the mode number in high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions, but it fails to discriminate modal types and suffers rapid performance degradation in practical low-SNR environments. To overcome these limitations, a novel optimal projection residual (OPR) method that simultaneously identifies the number and types of acoustic propagating modes in the acoustic field of a VLA was developed. Comprehensive numerical simulations and experimental data demonstrate two distinct advantages of the proposed OPR method compared to the conventional SV method: 1) the OPR method enables more accurate estimation of the number of propagating modes, and 2) it can efficiently identify both the number and types of acoustic propagating modes.