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<p>Accurately quantifying and analyzing the distribution, spatial autocorrelation, and sources of heavy metals (HMs) in soil and river sediments is crucial for assessing human and geological impacts on regional environments. This study collected 9631 soil and 61 sediment samples from the upstream Yishu River Basin, characterized by mountainous reservoirs, to systematically investigate the spatial distribution and potential sources of HMs. We suggest that mountainous reservoirs significantly intercept and regulate HMs in sediments. The average HM concentrations were higher in soils than in sediments, with elevated levels observed in mountainous regions and fault zones. Soils in clastic rock areas had notably higher HM concentrations than those in carbonate rock areas. Using bivariate local indicators of spatial association (LISA) and the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, five major sources of HMs in soils and sediments were identified: agricultural activities (Cu, Zn, Cd), geological background (Cr, Ni), coal combustion (Hg), mining activities (As, Cu, Ni), and traffic-industrial mixed sources (Pb, As, Cr, Cd). This approach pinpointed the two major hotspot areas located in the Yishui Urban Area and the Gongdanshan Mining Area, providing a scientific basis for the management and prevention of HMs contamination in key water source areas.</p>

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Geospatial Distribution and Autocorrelation of Heavy Metals in the Upper Yishu River Basin, Huai River Tributary: Assessing Impacts of Geological Settings and Human Activities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月13日

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  • Ning Liu,
  • Changyan Tang,
  • Xiuwen Zhang,
  • Chuang Zhao,
  • Xiyao Li,
  • Sanzhong Li,
  • Fang Wan,
  • Ming Liu,
  • Haiyin Fan,
  • Yuhua Gao,
  • Yu Wang

摘要

Accurately quantifying and analyzing the distribution, spatial autocorrelation, and sources of heavy metals (HMs) in soil and river sediments is crucial for assessing human and geological impacts on regional environments. This study collected 9631 soil and 61 sediment samples from the upstream Yishu River Basin, characterized by mountainous reservoirs, to systematically investigate the spatial distribution and potential sources of HMs. We suggest that mountainous reservoirs significantly intercept and regulate HMs in sediments. The average HM concentrations were higher in soils than in sediments, with elevated levels observed in mountainous regions and fault zones. Soils in clastic rock areas had notably higher HM concentrations than those in carbonate rock areas. Using bivariate local indicators of spatial association (LISA) and the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, five major sources of HMs in soils and sediments were identified: agricultural activities (Cu, Zn, Cd), geological background (Cr, Ni), coal combustion (Hg), mining activities (As, Cu, Ni), and traffic-industrial mixed sources (Pb, As, Cr, Cd). This approach pinpointed the two major hotspot areas located in the Yishui Urban Area and the Gongdanshan Mining Area, providing a scientific basis for the management and prevention of HMs contamination in key water source areas.