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<p>In this study, we design and numerically investigate a novel all optical D flip-flop (AODFF) based on linear photonic crystal (LPhC) structure that is composed of optical waveguides using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The proposed structure has the hexagonal close packed of 16×20 circular rods that are suspended in the air substrate with a lattice constant of 606 nm. The plane wave expansion (PWE) method is used to obtain the band diagram for AODFF at an operating wavelength of 1 550 nm. The proposed optical flip-flop achieves a low delay time of 0.2 ps and a high contrast ratio (<i>CR</i>) of 10.33 dB. The main advantage of this design is that the input power as low as 1 mW/µm<sup>2</sup> is sufficient for its operation, since no nonlinear rods are included. In addition, the footprint of the proposed AODFF is 100 µm<sup>2</sup>, which is smaller compared to the structures reported in the literature, and it has a fast switching frequency of 5 Tbit/s.</p>

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Realization of all optical D flip-flop using LPhC based on beams interference method

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月9日

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  • Asghar Askarian,
  • Fariborz Parandin,
  • Arezoo Sheykhian

摘要

In this study, we design and numerically investigate a novel all optical D flip-flop (AODFF) based on linear photonic crystal (LPhC) structure that is composed of optical waveguides using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The proposed structure has the hexagonal close packed of 16×20 circular rods that are suspended in the air substrate with a lattice constant of 606 nm. The plane wave expansion (PWE) method is used to obtain the band diagram for AODFF at an operating wavelength of 1 550 nm. The proposed optical flip-flop achieves a low delay time of 0.2 ps and a high contrast ratio (CR) of 10.33 dB. The main advantage of this design is that the input power as low as 1 mW/µm2 is sufficient for its operation, since no nonlinear rods are included. In addition, the footprint of the proposed AODFF is 100 µm2, which is smaller compared to the structures reported in the literature, and it has a fast switching frequency of 5 Tbit/s.