<p>Let the infinite convolutions <Equation ID="Equ30"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \mu _{\{R_{k}\},\{D_{k}\}}=\delta _{R_{1}^{-1}D_{1}}*\delta _{R_{1}^{-1}R_{2}^{-1}D_{2}}*\delta _{R_{1}^{-1}R_{2}^{-1}R_{3}^{-1}D_{3}}*\cdots \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>δ</mi> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </msub> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> <msub> <mi>δ</mi> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </msub> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> <msub> <mi>δ</mi> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> </mrow> </msub> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>be generated by the sequence of pairs <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\{ (R_k,D_k) \}_{k=1}^{\infty } \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>∞</mi> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( R_k\in M_n(\mathbb {Z})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mo>∈</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is an expanding integer matrix, <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(D_k\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a finite integer vector sets that satisfies the following two conditions: (i) <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \# D_k = m \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>#</mo> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( m&gt;2 \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a prime; (ii) <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \{x: \sum _{d\in D_{k}}e^{-2\pi i\langle d,x \rangle }=0\} =\cup _{i=1}^{\phi (k)}\cup _{j=1}^{m-1}(\frac{j}{m}\nu _{k,i}+\mathbb {Z}^{n}) \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>:</mo> <msub> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mo stretchy="false">⟨</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">⟩</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mo>∪</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mo>∪</mo> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mfrac> <mi>j</mi> <mi>m</mi> </mfrac> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for some <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \nu _{k,i} \in \{ (l_1, \cdots , l_n)^t : l_i \in [1, m-1] \cap \mathbb {Z}, 1\le i\le n \} \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>∈</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>l</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>l</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>t</mi> </msup> <mo>:</mo> <msub> <mi>l</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>∈</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> <mo>∩</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In this paper, we study the spectrality of <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu _{\{R_{k}\},\{D_{k}\}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and present some necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of an infinite orthogonal exponential basis in <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( L^{2}(\mu _{\{R_{k}\},\{D_{k}\}}) \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

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On the Fourier Orthonormal Bases of a Class of Moran measures on \(\mathbb {R}^{n}\)

  • Jia-Long Chen,
  • Xiao-Yu Yan

摘要

Let the infinite convolutions \(\begin{aligned} \mu _{\{R_{k}\},\{D_{k}\}}=\delta _{R_{1}^{-1}D_{1}}*\delta _{R_{1}^{-1}R_{2}^{-1}D_{2}}*\delta _{R_{1}^{-1}R_{2}^{-1}R_{3}^{-1}D_{3}}*\cdots \end{aligned}\) μ { R k } , { D k } = δ R 1 - 1 D 1 δ R 1 - 1 R 2 - 1 D 2 δ R 1 - 1 R 2 - 1 R 3 - 1 D 3 be generated by the sequence of pairs \(\{ (R_k,D_k) \}_{k=1}^{\infty } \) { ( R k , D k ) } k = 1 , where \( R_k\in M_n(\mathbb {Z})\) R k M n ( Z ) is an expanding integer matrix, \(D_k\) D k is a finite integer vector sets that satisfies the following two conditions: (i) \( \# D_k = m \) # D k = m and \( m>2 \) m > 2 is a prime; (ii) \( \{x: \sum _{d\in D_{k}}e^{-2\pi i\langle d,x \rangle }=0\} =\cup _{i=1}^{\phi (k)}\cup _{j=1}^{m-1}(\frac{j}{m}\nu _{k,i}+\mathbb {Z}^{n}) \) { x : d D k e - 2 π i d , x = 0 } = i = 1 ϕ ( k ) j = 1 m - 1 ( j m ν k , i + Z n ) for some \( \nu _{k,i} \in \{ (l_1, \cdots , l_n)^t : l_i \in [1, m-1] \cap \mathbb {Z}, 1\le i\le n \} \) ν k , i { ( l 1 , , l n ) t : l i [ 1 , m - 1 ] Z , 1 i n } . In this paper, we study the spectrality of \(\mu _{\{R_{k}\},\{D_{k}\}}\) μ { R k } , { D k } and present some necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of an infinite orthogonal exponential basis in \( L^{2}(\mu _{\{R_{k}\},\{D_{k}\}}) \) L 2 ( μ { R k } , { D k } ) .