<p>In this paper, we study the following singular problem associated with mixed operators (the combination of the classical Laplace operator and the fractional Laplace operator) under mixed boundary conditions <Equation ID="Equ104"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11784_2025_1183_Article_Equ104.gif" Format="GIF" Height="116" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="433" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{aligned} {\mathcal {L}}u&amp;= g(u), \quad u &gt; 0 \quad \text {in} \quad \Omega ,\\ u&amp;= 0 \quad \text {in} \quad U^c,\\ {\mathcal {N}}_s(u)&amp;= 0 \quad \text {in} \quad {\mathcal {N}},\\ \frac{\partial u}{\partial \nu }&amp;= 0 \quad \text {in} \quad \partial \Omega \cap \overline{{\mathcal {N}}}, \end{aligned} \right. \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad {(P_\lambda )} \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>u</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mspace width="1em" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mspace width="1em" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="1em" /> <msup> <mi>U</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">N</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mspace width="1em" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi mathvariant="script">N</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>∂</mi> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>∂</mi> <mi>ν</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mspace width="1em" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>∂</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>∩</mo> <mover> <mi mathvariant="script">N</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> <mspace width="2em" /> <mspace width="2em" /> <mspace width="2em" /> <mspace width="2em" /> <mspace width="2em" /> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mi>λ</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11784_2025_1183_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="185" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(U= (\Omega \cup {{\mathcal {N}}} \cup (\partial \Omega \cap \overline{{\mathcal {N}}}))\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>U</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>∪</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">N</mi> <mo>∪</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>∂</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>∩</mo> <mover> <mi mathvariant="script">N</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11784_2025_1183_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="58" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \subseteq \mathbb {R}^N\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>⊆</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a non empty open set, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11784_2025_1183_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathcal {D}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="script">D</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11784_2025_1183_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathcal {N}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="script">N</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are open subsets of <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11784_2025_1183_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="51" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {R}^N\setminus {\bar{\Omega }}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mo lspace="0.15em" rspace="0.15em" stretchy="false">\</mo> <mover accent="true"> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mrow> </mover> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> such that <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11784_2025_1183_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="115" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({{\mathcal {D}}} \cup {{\mathcal {N}}}= \mathbb {R}^N{\setminus }{\bar{\Omega }}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">D</mi> <mo>∪</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">N</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mo lspace="0.15em" rspace="0.15em" stretchy="false">\</mo> <mover accent="true"> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mrow> </mover> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11784_2025_1183_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="85" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathcal {D}} \cap {{\mathcal {N}}}= \emptyset \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">D</mi> <mo>∩</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">N</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∅</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11784_2025_1183_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="49" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \cup {\mathcal {N}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>∪</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">N</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a bounded set with smooth boundary, <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11784_2025_1183_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\lambda &gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a real parameter and <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11784_2025_1183_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="234" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathcal {L}}= -\Delta +(-\Delta )^{s},~ \text {for}~s \in (0, 1).\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>s</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mtext>for</mtext> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mi>s</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> Here <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11784_2025_1183_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="81" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(g(u)=u^{-q}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>g</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>q</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> or <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11784_2025_1183_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="127" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(g(u)= \lambda u^{-q}+ u^p\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>g</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>q</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11784_2025_1183_Article_IEq13.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="168" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0&lt;q&lt;1&lt;p\le 2^*-1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <mo>∗</mo> </msup> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We study <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11784_2025_1183_Article_IEq14.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="32" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((P_\lambda )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mi>λ</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> to derive the existence of weak solutions along with its <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11784_2025_1183_Article_IEq15.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="26" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L^\infty \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>∞</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-regularity. Moreover, some Sobolev-type variational inequalities associated with these weak solutions are established.</p>

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On singular problems associated with mixed operators under mixed boundary conditions

  • Tuhina Mukherjee,
  • Lovelesh Sharma

摘要

In this paper, we study the following singular problem associated with mixed operators (the combination of the classical Laplace operator and the fractional Laplace operator) under mixed boundary conditions \(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{aligned} {\mathcal {L}}u&= g(u), \quad u > 0 \quad \text {in} \quad \Omega ,\\ u&= 0 \quad \text {in} \quad U^c,\\ {\mathcal {N}}_s(u)&= 0 \quad \text {in} \quad {\mathcal {N}},\\ \frac{\partial u}{\partial \nu }&= 0 \quad \text {in} \quad \partial \Omega \cap \overline{{\mathcal {N}}}, \end{aligned} \right. \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad {(P_\lambda )} \end{aligned}\) L u = g ( u ) , u > 0 in Ω , u = 0 in U c , N s ( u ) = 0 in N , u ν = 0 in Ω N ¯ , ( P λ ) where \(U= (\Omega \cup {{\mathcal {N}}} \cup (\partial \Omega \cap \overline{{\mathcal {N}}}))\) U = ( Ω N ( Ω N ¯ ) ) , \(\Omega \subseteq \mathbb {R}^N\) Ω R N is a non empty open set, \({\mathcal {D}}\) D , \({\mathcal {N}}\) N are open subsets of \(\mathbb {R}^N\setminus {\bar{\Omega }}\) R N \ Ω ¯ such that \({{\mathcal {D}}} \cup {{\mathcal {N}}}= \mathbb {R}^N{\setminus }{\bar{\Omega }}\) D N = R N \ Ω ¯ , \({\mathcal {D}} \cap {{\mathcal {N}}}= \emptyset \) D N = and \(\Omega \cup {\mathcal {N}}\) Ω N is a bounded set with smooth boundary, \(\lambda >0\) λ > 0 is a real parameter and \({\mathcal {L}}= -\Delta +(-\Delta )^{s},~ \text {for}~s \in (0, 1).\) L = - Δ + ( - Δ ) s , for s ( 0 , 1 ) . Here \(g(u)=u^{-q}\) g ( u ) = u - q or \(g(u)= \lambda u^{-q}+ u^p\) g ( u ) = λ u - q + u p with \(0<q<1<p\le 2^*-1\) 0 < q < 1 < p 2 - 1 . We study \((P_\lambda )\) ( P λ ) to derive the existence of weak solutions along with its \(L^\infty \) L -regularity. Moreover, some Sobolev-type variational inequalities associated with these weak solutions are established.