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<p>Mariculture tailwater, characterized by high nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N) and a low carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio, presents a significant challenge for coastal environment protection. To address this, we developed a hybrid carrier biofilter combining pyrite and maifanite (PM) to enhance nitrogen removal performance. The PM biofilter achieved 88.98% total nitrogen (TN) removal—34.99% higher than that of a pyrite-only system. No secondary pollutants such as dissolved iron were produced during the treatment process. This enhancement was associated with synergistic effects, such as increased microbial biomass and activity, enhanced hydrophilicity and specific surface area of carriers, and elevated secretion of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), particularly tryptophan-like proteins and humic acid-like organics. Additionally, the enriched microbial communities and functional genes associated with nitrogen, sulfur, and iron metabolism further supported key biogeochemical pathways in the PM. These findings highlight the PM biofilter as a promising strategy for low C/N ratio mariculture tailwater treatment and coastal environmental management.</p>

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Maifanite-amended pyrite biofilter for efficient autotrophic denitrification of low-C/N mariculture tailwater: mechanistic insights into microbial nitrogen–sulfur–iron coupling

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月30日

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  • Jiannan Liu,
  • Mupindu Progress,
  • Xiangyu Yang,
  • Yang-guo Zhao

摘要

Mariculture tailwater, characterized by high nitrate (NO3−-N) and a low carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio, presents a significant challenge for coastal environment protection. To address this, we developed a hybrid carrier biofilter combining pyrite and maifanite (PM) to enhance nitrogen removal performance. The PM biofilter achieved 88.98% total nitrogen (TN) removal—34.99% higher than that of a pyrite-only system. No secondary pollutants such as dissolved iron were produced during the treatment process. This enhancement was associated with synergistic effects, such as increased microbial biomass and activity, enhanced hydrophilicity and specific surface area of carriers, and elevated secretion of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), particularly tryptophan-like proteins and humic acid-like organics. Additionally, the enriched microbial communities and functional genes associated with nitrogen, sulfur, and iron metabolism further supported key biogeochemical pathways in the PM. These findings highlight the PM biofilter as a promising strategy for low C/N ratio mariculture tailwater treatment and coastal environmental management.