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<p>In this study, a novel recycling strategy was developed to convert lignin waste into magnetic Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-functionalized biochar (Fe@LBC) for selective sulfonamide removal. A high adsorption capacity for sulfamethazine of 39.92 ± 0.14 mg/g was achieved within 360 min using Fe@LBC prepared by impregnation with 0.125 mol/L FeCl<sub>3</sub> followed by calcination at 800 °C, which was approximately 2.6 times that of LBC. Kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic analyses revealed that sulfamethazine adsorption on Fe@LBC was dominated by chemisorption-related surface interactions, with intraparticle diffusion also contributing to the overall adsorption process. In addition, Fe@LBC showed superior tolerance to the interference from coexisting salts and organic matter during the adsorption process. Notably, in contrast to LBC, Fe@LBC exhibited enhanced adsorption performance, stable adsorption over a broad pH range (3–9), and preferential selectivity toward sulfonamide antibiotics. According to the regeneration tests, Fe@LBC further exhibited satisfactory reproducibility and recyclability. Moreover, density functional theory calculations and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses confirmed that Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> coordination was the dominant mechanism responsible for selective sulfonamide binding. This study highlights a viable pathway for lignin valorization and provides a cost-effective, high-performance adsorbent for antibiotic-contaminated wastewater.</p>

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Mechanistic insights into selective and pH-independent removal of sulfamethazine by Fe2O3-functionalized lignin-derived biochar

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月23日

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  • Xueping Sun,
  • Haitao Sheng,
  • Xiaoyu Zhang,
  • Xiangxue Chen,
  • Xinbai Jiang,
  • Cheng Hou,
  • Jinyou Shen,
  • Dan Chen

摘要

In this study, a novel recycling strategy was developed to convert lignin waste into magnetic Fe2O3-functionalized biochar (Fe@LBC) for selective sulfonamide removal. A high adsorption capacity for sulfamethazine of 39.92 ± 0.14 mg/g was achieved within 360 min using Fe@LBC prepared by impregnation with 0.125 mol/L FeCl3 followed by calcination at 800 °C, which was approximately 2.6 times that of LBC. Kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic analyses revealed that sulfamethazine adsorption on Fe@LBC was dominated by chemisorption-related surface interactions, with intraparticle diffusion also contributing to the overall adsorption process. In addition, Fe@LBC showed superior tolerance to the interference from coexisting salts and organic matter during the adsorption process. Notably, in contrast to LBC, Fe@LBC exhibited enhanced adsorption performance, stable adsorption over a broad pH range (3–9), and preferential selectivity toward sulfonamide antibiotics. According to the regeneration tests, Fe@LBC further exhibited satisfactory reproducibility and recyclability. Moreover, density functional theory calculations and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses confirmed that Fe2O3 coordination was the dominant mechanism responsible for selective sulfonamide binding. This study highlights a viable pathway for lignin valorization and provides a cost-effective, high-performance adsorbent for antibiotic-contaminated wastewater.