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<p>The anaerobic oxidation of methane linked to metal oxide reduction (metal-dependent AOM) plays a crucial role in regulating methane fluxes within deep-sea sedimentary environments. While metal-dependent AOM has been reported, current understanding is primarily derived from <i>in situ</i> investigations and enrichment experiments conducted under atmospheric pressure, leaving its applicability to the high-pressure, low-temperature deep-sea environment uncertain. In this study, we established long-term enrichment cultures of microbial communities from South China Sea cold seep sediments (1392 m) with manganese/iron oxides as electron acceptors under simulated <i>in situ</i> pressure-temperature conditions (12 MPa, 4 °C). Our results demonstrate significant methane consumption (approximately 30%) accompanied by the accumulation of Mn (II) and Fe (II) over 150 d. Microbial community analysis revealed that anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME-1) dominated the archaeal community. Their predicted extracellularly secreted multi-heme cytochromes (MHCs) may facilitate direct electron transfer under high pressure. Metagenomic analysis further revealed a diversity of methane metabolic pathways within the community. Horizontal gene transfer may have facilitated microbial electron exchange, while ANME archaea engaged in cross-feeding with bacterial groups via metabolites such as acetate and amino acids. This study underscores the critical role of microbial community synergy and adaptive evolution in regulating methane oxidation under simulated deep-sea conditions, providing new insights into the marine carbon cycle.</p>

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Microbial community synergy drives metal-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation under simulated deep-sea high-pressure conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月8日

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  • Cun Li,
  • Jing-Chun Feng,
  • Xuanyu Tao,
  • Yingli Zhou,
  • Xiao Chen,
  • Song Zhong,
  • Jianzhen Liang,
  • Si Zhang

摘要

The anaerobic oxidation of methane linked to metal oxide reduction (metal-dependent AOM) plays a crucial role in regulating methane fluxes within deep-sea sedimentary environments. While metal-dependent AOM has been reported, current understanding is primarily derived from in situ investigations and enrichment experiments conducted under atmospheric pressure, leaving its applicability to the high-pressure, low-temperature deep-sea environment uncertain. In this study, we established long-term enrichment cultures of microbial communities from South China Sea cold seep sediments (1392 m) with manganese/iron oxides as electron acceptors under simulated in situ pressure-temperature conditions (12 MPa, 4 °C). Our results demonstrate significant methane consumption (approximately 30%) accompanied by the accumulation of Mn (II) and Fe (II) over 150 d. Microbial community analysis revealed that anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME-1) dominated the archaeal community. Their predicted extracellularly secreted multi-heme cytochromes (MHCs) may facilitate direct electron transfer under high pressure. Metagenomic analysis further revealed a diversity of methane metabolic pathways within the community. Horizontal gene transfer may have facilitated microbial electron exchange, while ANME archaea engaged in cross-feeding with bacterial groups via metabolites such as acetate and amino acids. This study underscores the critical role of microbial community synergy and adaptive evolution in regulating methane oxidation under simulated deep-sea conditions, providing new insights into the marine carbon cycle.