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<p>Elucidating the spatiotemporal distribution of phytoplankton in reservoirs is crucial for both water supply security and the protection of riverine ecosystems. In this study, the spatiotemporal characteristics of phytoplankton community diversity in a typical deep, channel-type reservoir were investigated to quantify the contributions of top-down and bottom-up phytoplankton inputs to adjacent water layers and to identify key factors influencing diversity. The Shannon–Wiener and Margalef indices gradually increased from the main channel flowing into the reservoir to the surface water and then decreased toward deeper layers. The Fast Expectation–Maximization Microbial Source Tracking (FEAST) model was applied to quantify contributions from upstream phytoplankton to downstream communities and among different vertical layers within the reservoir. The results revealed that the bottom-up contribution rates of the phytoplankton communities in July, August, and January were significantly higher than the top-down contribution rates, which were driven primarily by increasing numbers of cyanobacteria, whereas the top-down contribution rates were associated with water column overturning. Significant distance-decay patterns of phytoplankton community similarity were observed in summer and autumn in the horizontal dimension and in all seasons except spring in the vertical dimension. Variation partitioning analysis revealed that spatial position exerted a substantially stronger influence on phytoplankton community diversity than nutrient concentration. Overall, this study highlights the source–sink dynamics of phytoplankton and indicates that spatial position is the primary driver of diversity, outweighing local environmental factors such as nutrient availability.</p>

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Distance-decay relationship reveals both horizontal and vertical dispersal limitation and source–sink relationships of phytoplankton in a deep channel-type reservoir

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月25日

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  • Xiaofeng Tang,
  • Jian Gao,
  • Chengying Zhang,
  • Junyi Wu,
  • Yaxian Wang,
  • Sha Xu,
  • En Hu,
  • Sisi Ye,
  • Chao Chang,
  • Ming Li

摘要

Elucidating the spatiotemporal distribution of phytoplankton in reservoirs is crucial for both water supply security and the protection of riverine ecosystems. In this study, the spatiotemporal characteristics of phytoplankton community diversity in a typical deep, channel-type reservoir were investigated to quantify the contributions of top-down and bottom-up phytoplankton inputs to adjacent water layers and to identify key factors influencing diversity. The Shannon–Wiener and Margalef indices gradually increased from the main channel flowing into the reservoir to the surface water and then decreased toward deeper layers. The Fast Expectation–Maximization Microbial Source Tracking (FEAST) model was applied to quantify contributions from upstream phytoplankton to downstream communities and among different vertical layers within the reservoir. The results revealed that the bottom-up contribution rates of the phytoplankton communities in July, August, and January were significantly higher than the top-down contribution rates, which were driven primarily by increasing numbers of cyanobacteria, whereas the top-down contribution rates were associated with water column overturning. Significant distance-decay patterns of phytoplankton community similarity were observed in summer and autumn in the horizontal dimension and in all seasons except spring in the vertical dimension. Variation partitioning analysis revealed that spatial position exerted a substantially stronger influence on phytoplankton community diversity than nutrient concentration. Overall, this study highlights the source–sink dynamics of phytoplankton and indicates that spatial position is the primary driver of diversity, outweighing local environmental factors such as nutrient availability.