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<p>As the most diverse form of life on Earth, environmental microorganisms represent a vast treasure trove for resource exploitation and environmental applications. Nonetheless, currently, over 90% of microorganisms remain uncultured, which is mainly due to the inherent limitations of the widely employed top-down cultivation methods. Therefore, in this review, we first comprehensively reviewed the progress in microbial cultivation technologies and methods, summarized the major obstacles existing in microbial cultivation, and then proposed a bottom-up cultivation strategy and associated roadmap to complement current top-down cultivation methods. The core of the bottom-up cultivation strategy is the establishment of a standardized, open-ended, and scalable “CPR Module Bank—comprising Core, Population-specific, and Redundant function modules” that can be continuously expanded, refined, and improved by pulling together ideas and efforts of the worldwide microbial cultivation society. Further integration of top-down and bottom-up cultivation strategies may facilitate the comprehensive cultivation of all microorganisms in the future and advance the field of environmental microbiology.</p>

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Cultivation in a bottom-up manner: a new way to explore environmental microbiome

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月1日

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  • Yi Su,
  • Shanquan Wang

摘要

As the most diverse form of life on Earth, environmental microorganisms represent a vast treasure trove for resource exploitation and environmental applications. Nonetheless, currently, over 90% of microorganisms remain uncultured, which is mainly due to the inherent limitations of the widely employed top-down cultivation methods. Therefore, in this review, we first comprehensively reviewed the progress in microbial cultivation technologies and methods, summarized the major obstacles existing in microbial cultivation, and then proposed a bottom-up cultivation strategy and associated roadmap to complement current top-down cultivation methods. The core of the bottom-up cultivation strategy is the establishment of a standardized, open-ended, and scalable “CPR Module Bank—comprising Core, Population-specific, and Redundant function modules” that can be continuously expanded, refined, and improved by pulling together ideas and efforts of the worldwide microbial cultivation society. Further integration of top-down and bottom-up cultivation strategies may facilitate the comprehensive cultivation of all microorganisms in the future and advance the field of environmental microbiology.