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<p>In recent years, the pollution of microplastics (MPs) in water ecosystems has gained much attention. Polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) are stable and can accumulate in organisms, causing harm to fish and other aquatic life. This study used juvenile carp to examine the toxic effects of PE-MPs and the potential benefits of <i>Opuntia Milpa alta</i> extract. We optimized fluorescence labeling to prepare 30 µm PE-MPs and analyzed their distribution in juvenile carp. The results showed that they mainly accumulate in the liver and intestines, with some in the kidneys and gills. A 45-d exposure study revealed that PE-MPs caused liver cell damage, inflammation, and increased liver function biomarkers (AST, ALT, ALP) (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). There was also a decrease in gut microbiota diversity and an increase in harmful bacteria like <i>Desulfovibrionaceae.</i> The intervention with <i>Opuntia Milpa alta</i> extract (0.50%, 1.00%, 2.00% in feed) significantly reduced AST and ALT levels (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), improved liver health, and restored gut microbiota diversity. Analysis of the extract showed it contains bioactive substances like polysaccharides (23.15%) and alkaloids (55.96%). These components likely enhance liver function and balance gut health by modulating the gut-liver connection. This study offers new insights into ecotoxicological measures for microplastic pollution and suggests that natural plant extracts can help protect environmental health.</p>

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The damaging effects of polyethylene microplastics exposure on juvenile carp and the ameliorative role of Opuntia Milpa alta extract

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月5日

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  • Yu Sun,
  • Qiurong Zhang,
  • Qingfang Deng,
  • Nima Bai,
  • Huaguo Chen

摘要

In recent years, the pollution of microplastics (MPs) in water ecosystems has gained much attention. Polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) are stable and can accumulate in organisms, causing harm to fish and other aquatic life. This study used juvenile carp to examine the toxic effects of PE-MPs and the potential benefits of Opuntia Milpa alta extract. We optimized fluorescence labeling to prepare 30 µm PE-MPs and analyzed their distribution in juvenile carp. The results showed that they mainly accumulate in the liver and intestines, with some in the kidneys and gills. A 45-d exposure study revealed that PE-MPs caused liver cell damage, inflammation, and increased liver function biomarkers (AST, ALT, ALP) (P < 0.05). There was also a decrease in gut microbiota diversity and an increase in harmful bacteria like Desulfovibrionaceae. The intervention with Opuntia Milpa alta extract (0.50%, 1.00%, 2.00% in feed) significantly reduced AST and ALT levels (P < 0.05), improved liver health, and restored gut microbiota diversity. Analysis of the extract showed it contains bioactive substances like polysaccharides (23.15%) and alkaloids (55.96%). These components likely enhance liver function and balance gut health by modulating the gut-liver connection. This study offers new insights into ecotoxicological measures for microplastic pollution and suggests that natural plant extracts can help protect environmental health.