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<p>Arsenic (As) contamination in vegetables poses significant ecological and health risks, raising substantial public concern. While arsenic accumulation and transformation have been studied, the <i>in-situ</i> iodination effects and mechanisms under co-contamination with arsenic and phenolic pollutants (e.g., bisphenol F) remain unclear. This study addresses this gap by exposing <i>Brassica chinensis</i> L. to hydroponic solutions containing sodium hydrogen arsenate heptahydrate (As(V)) at concentrations of 0–100 µmol/L, BPF at 3 mg/L, and iodide ions at 40 µmol/L under environmentally relevant conditions. Results demonstrate that As(V) enhances the iodination of BPF by increasing levels of reactive oxygen species (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and •OH) and elevating peroxidase (POD) activity, as confirmed by transcriptomic analysis. As the concentration of As(V) increased from 0 to 100 µmol/L, the diversity and concentration of iodinated BPF products in the roots exhibited a dose-dependent increase, while the variety of iodinated products in the leaves also showed a corresponding rise. Gaussian calculations and mass spectrometry identified the specific substitution sites and the number of iodide atoms incorporated into BPF molecules. By combining toxicity predictions of iodinated BPF using the Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (T·E·S·T) and the Ecological Structure-Activity Relationships (ECOSAR) model with measurements of HepG2 cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the cell culture medium, it was found that the toxicity of iodinated BPF products in plants increased following the addition of As(V). This study highlights the combined risks of arsenic and bisphenol contamination, revealing arsenic’s role in enhancing bisphenol iodination and toxicity in plants.</p>

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Risks and mechanistic insights into arsenic-enhanced iodination of bisphenol F in Brassica chinensis L.

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月24日

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  • Kai Zheng,
  • Tian Gao,
  • Ke Li,
  • Yina Guan,
  • Shaoyang Hu,
  • Yujiang Li,
  • Chunguang Liu,
  • Bing Yan

摘要

Arsenic (As) contamination in vegetables poses significant ecological and health risks, raising substantial public concern. While arsenic accumulation and transformation have been studied, the in-situ iodination effects and mechanisms under co-contamination with arsenic and phenolic pollutants (e.g., bisphenol F) remain unclear. This study addresses this gap by exposing Brassica chinensis L. to hydroponic solutions containing sodium hydrogen arsenate heptahydrate (As(V)) at concentrations of 0–100 µmol/L, BPF at 3 mg/L, and iodide ions at 40 µmol/L under environmentally relevant conditions. Results demonstrate that As(V) enhances the iodination of BPF by increasing levels of reactive oxygen species (H2O2 and •OH) and elevating peroxidase (POD) activity, as confirmed by transcriptomic analysis. As the concentration of As(V) increased from 0 to 100 µmol/L, the diversity and concentration of iodinated BPF products in the roots exhibited a dose-dependent increase, while the variety of iodinated products in the leaves also showed a corresponding rise. Gaussian calculations and mass spectrometry identified the specific substitution sites and the number of iodide atoms incorporated into BPF molecules. By combining toxicity predictions of iodinated BPF using the Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (T·E·S·T) and the Ecological Structure-Activity Relationships (ECOSAR) model with measurements of HepG2 cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the cell culture medium, it was found that the toxicity of iodinated BPF products in plants increased following the addition of As(V). This study highlights the combined risks of arsenic and bisphenol contamination, revealing arsenic’s role in enhancing bisphenol iodination and toxicity in plants.