<p>Multiples in seismic data seriously affect the speed analysis and migration imaging, reduce the reliability of inversion, and increase the difficulty of seismic interpretation. How to suppress multiples under the premise of protecting effective signals has obvious significance for seismic data processing, inversion and interpretation. Conventional multiples attenuation methods need to select processing parameters, have poor adaptability, and are difficult to deal with the problem of near-offset multiples attenuation. In order to solve the problems of the existing methods, this paper introduces the variational mode decomposition algorithm to attenuate free-surface multiple, and proposes a seismic trace random self-draining method that separates the primary and multiples under the condition of little undulation. We propose to establish an adaptive free-surface multiples attenuation technology considering amplitude preservation. Numerical and field examples show that the method proposed in this paper has greater advantages in free-surface multiples attenuation and better amplitude preservation than traditional methods. The proposed method will provide new ideas for the free-surface multiples attenuation of massive seismic data, and has important theoretical significance and industrial application value.</p>