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<p>As a significant cratonic basin in northern China, the Ordos Basin has long been a focal point in geological research for its rift evolution. This study systematically analyzes the geophysical characteristics and tectonic implications of four major rift depressions (Yu-Shaan, Jin-Shaan, Dingbian, and Helan) within the basin using high-resolution aeromagnetic data integrated with seismic and geothermal datasets. Through power spectrum analysis, Werner deconvolution, and Curie interface depth calculations, a distinct north-south differentiation in aeromagnetic anomaly intensity is revealed: Yu-Shaan Rift Depression (800–1200 nT) &gt; Jin-Shaan/Dingbian Rift Depressions (400–600 nT) &gt; Helan Rift Depression (200–300 nT). This differentiation pattern strongly correlates with the distribution of mafic volcanics from the Xiong’er Group, reflecting variations in basement lithology across the rift depressions. Curie interface depth analysis indicates that the Yu-Shaan Rift Depression exhibits the shallowest Curie depth (15–18 km), corresponding to the highest surface heat flow (65–75 mW/m<sup>2</sup>), whereas the Helan Rift Depression has the deepest Curie depth (25–30 km) and the lowest heat flow (45–50 mW/m<sup>2</sup>). By constructing a lithospheric differential extension model, we propose a tripartite maturity criterion for rift evolution — “strong magnetism, deep subsidence, high heat flow” — establishing a novel geophysical framework to distinguish mature rifts from aborted rift depressions. The results demonstrate that the rift evolution of the Ordos Basin is strongly controlled by the basement tectonics of the North China Craton. The Yu-Shaan Rift Depression represents a fully developed mature rift, while the Helan Rift Depression belongs to an aborted rift system. This finding not only deepens the understanding of the tectonic evolution of the Ordos Basin but also provides a new theoretical and methodological framework for classifying intra-cratonic rifts globally, offering critical insights into the formation mechanisms of intra-cratonic rifting.</p>

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Rift Differentiation and Evolution in the Ordos Basin Revealed by Aeromagnetic Anomalies: A Study on Lithospheric Thermo-Tectonic Coupling Mechanism Constrained by Curie Interface Depth

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月23日

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  • Xiang-hui Jing,
  • Qian-kun Liu,
  • Lei Zhang,
  • Fang Li,
  • Xing Pan,
  • Hai Yang,
  • Zhi-ye Jia

摘要

As a significant cratonic basin in northern China, the Ordos Basin has long been a focal point in geological research for its rift evolution. This study systematically analyzes the geophysical characteristics and tectonic implications of four major rift depressions (Yu-Shaan, Jin-Shaan, Dingbian, and Helan) within the basin using high-resolution aeromagnetic data integrated with seismic and geothermal datasets. Through power spectrum analysis, Werner deconvolution, and Curie interface depth calculations, a distinct north-south differentiation in aeromagnetic anomaly intensity is revealed: Yu-Shaan Rift Depression (800–1200 nT) > Jin-Shaan/Dingbian Rift Depressions (400–600 nT) > Helan Rift Depression (200–300 nT). This differentiation pattern strongly correlates with the distribution of mafic volcanics from the Xiong’er Group, reflecting variations in basement lithology across the rift depressions. Curie interface depth analysis indicates that the Yu-Shaan Rift Depression exhibits the shallowest Curie depth (15–18 km), corresponding to the highest surface heat flow (65–75 mW/m2), whereas the Helan Rift Depression has the deepest Curie depth (25–30 km) and the lowest heat flow (45–50 mW/m2). By constructing a lithospheric differential extension model, we propose a tripartite maturity criterion for rift evolution — “strong magnetism, deep subsidence, high heat flow” — establishing a novel geophysical framework to distinguish mature rifts from aborted rift depressions. The results demonstrate that the rift evolution of the Ordos Basin is strongly controlled by the basement tectonics of the North China Craton. The Yu-Shaan Rift Depression represents a fully developed mature rift, while the Helan Rift Depression belongs to an aborted rift system. This finding not only deepens the understanding of the tectonic evolution of the Ordos Basin but also provides a new theoretical and methodological framework for classifying intra-cratonic rifts globally, offering critical insights into the formation mechanisms of intra-cratonic rifting.