<p>Shale oil has been considered an important resource for the global oil and gas industry in recent years. The Yanchang formations in the Ordos Basin, China, are characterized by rich oil reserves, complex structural features, low porosity, and low permeability, with developed microcracks and indistinct oil-water contacts. A rock-physics model (RPM) developed to interpret these features considers ten rock samples from the Chang-7 member to measure ultrasonic velocity, density, porosity, and permeability, and X-ray diffraction to obtain mineral composition and micropore structures. The Chang-7 member consists of interbedded thin layers of two lithologies (sandstone and shale). The proposed model is based on the Voigt-Reuss-Hill average (VRH), self-consistent approximation (SCA), differential effective medium (DEM) theory, and the squirt-flow and Gassmann equations, and analyzes the acoustic response in terms of various pore structures and mineral components. The model is tested with the measured P-wave (<i>V</i><sub>P</sub>) and S-wave (<i>V</i><sub>S</sub>) velocities, and multiscale 3D rock-physics templates of the sandstone and shale layers are built, and calibrated with ultrasonic, sonic (log) and seismic data. The spectral-ratio, centroid frequency-shift and its improved version are used to estimate the attenuation. Then, the templates are used to predict the properties of the two lithologies, showing good agreement with the log data and the production report.</p>

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Reservoir property estimation of interbedded sandstone and shale layers using segmented 3D rock-physics templates

  • Jing Ba,
  • Xi-Ya Ba,
  • Hong-Jing Dong,
  • Jun-Wei Cheng,
  • Cong Luo,
  • Zhi-Fang Yang,
  • Meng-Qiang Pang,
  • Wen-Hui Tan

摘要

Shale oil has been considered an important resource for the global oil and gas industry in recent years. The Yanchang formations in the Ordos Basin, China, are characterized by rich oil reserves, complex structural features, low porosity, and low permeability, with developed microcracks and indistinct oil-water contacts. A rock-physics model (RPM) developed to interpret these features considers ten rock samples from the Chang-7 member to measure ultrasonic velocity, density, porosity, and permeability, and X-ray diffraction to obtain mineral composition and micropore structures. The Chang-7 member consists of interbedded thin layers of two lithologies (sandstone and shale). The proposed model is based on the Voigt-Reuss-Hill average (VRH), self-consistent approximation (SCA), differential effective medium (DEM) theory, and the squirt-flow and Gassmann equations, and analyzes the acoustic response in terms of various pore structures and mineral components. The model is tested with the measured P-wave (VP) and S-wave (VS) velocities, and multiscale 3D rock-physics templates of the sandstone and shale layers are built, and calibrated with ultrasonic, sonic (log) and seismic data. The spectral-ratio, centroid frequency-shift and its improved version are used to estimate the attenuation. Then, the templates are used to predict the properties of the two lithologies, showing good agreement with the log data and the production report.