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<p>Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) aeromagnetic survey technology has been increasingly applied in geophysical exploration within complex terrains owing to its flexibility and cost-effectiveness. However, the inherent magnetic interference of UAV platforms and disturbances caused by dynamic flight attitudes significantly constrain data accuracy. This study focuses on the CH-4 UAV aeromagnetic gradient measurement system, conducting an in-depth analysis of its error sources. Common interference factors are identified, including static ferromagnetic material interference, dynamic servo noise, and attitude coupling effects. Building on this analysis, an innovative full-axis gradient dynamic compensation technology is proposed. Utilizing a compensation algorithm independently developed by the China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources, this technique effectively mitigates the impact of magnetic interference on measurement accuracy through real-time monitoring and adjustment. Experimental results demonstrate a breakthrough reduction in the standard deviation of the total magnetic field intensity from 0.126 nT to 0.022 nT, indicating a substantial improvement in measurement accuracy. Concurrently, the transverse gradient error was optimized from a range of 2.398 nT/m – 0.132 nT/m to 0.103 nT/m – 0.005 nT/m.</p><p>Through the synergistic integration of sensor extension, non-magnetic material replacement, and algorithmic dynamic compensation, the measurement system is further optimized. Experiments confirm that extending the sensor by 4.6 meters beyond the wingtip effectively suppresses servo-induced interference to below 0.1 nT. Nevertheless, high-frequency disturbances necessitate further optimization via active shielding technology. At present, the application of active shielding in UAV aeromagnetic surveys faces limitations such as unstable shielding performance and adverse effects on UAV flight characteristics. Future research will prioritize the refinement of active shielding technology to improve its adaptability and stability in complex operational environments, thereby establishing a robust theoretical foundation and offering valuable practical insights for high-precision UAV aeromagnetic gradient surveys.</p>

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Principle of Dynamic Noise Compensation in UAV Aeromagnetic Gradiometer Systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月3日

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  • Hua Guo,
  • Jin-peng Huang,
  • Jian-chun Xu,
  • Jia-ming Li,
  • Wen-han Li,
  • Qi-ting Luo,
  • Qi Yu

摘要

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) aeromagnetic survey technology has been increasingly applied in geophysical exploration within complex terrains owing to its flexibility and cost-effectiveness. However, the inherent magnetic interference of UAV platforms and disturbances caused by dynamic flight attitudes significantly constrain data accuracy. This study focuses on the CH-4 UAV aeromagnetic gradient measurement system, conducting an in-depth analysis of its error sources. Common interference factors are identified, including static ferromagnetic material interference, dynamic servo noise, and attitude coupling effects. Building on this analysis, an innovative full-axis gradient dynamic compensation technology is proposed. Utilizing a compensation algorithm independently developed by the China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources, this technique effectively mitigates the impact of magnetic interference on measurement accuracy through real-time monitoring and adjustment. Experimental results demonstrate a breakthrough reduction in the standard deviation of the total magnetic field intensity from 0.126 nT to 0.022 nT, indicating a substantial improvement in measurement accuracy. Concurrently, the transverse gradient error was optimized from a range of 2.398 nT/m – 0.132 nT/m to 0.103 nT/m – 0.005 nT/m.

Through the synergistic integration of sensor extension, non-magnetic material replacement, and algorithmic dynamic compensation, the measurement system is further optimized. Experiments confirm that extending the sensor by 4.6 meters beyond the wingtip effectively suppresses servo-induced interference to below 0.1 nT. Nevertheless, high-frequency disturbances necessitate further optimization via active shielding technology. At present, the application of active shielding in UAV aeromagnetic surveys faces limitations such as unstable shielding performance and adverse effects on UAV flight characteristics. Future research will prioritize the refinement of active shielding technology to improve its adaptability and stability in complex operational environments, thereby establishing a robust theoretical foundation and offering valuable practical insights for high-precision UAV aeromagnetic gradient surveys.