Purpose <p>As cancer survivorship increasingly overlaps with chronic disease management, understanding how comorbidity shapes survivors’ care experiences is essential. This study aimed to explore how comorbidity influences cancer survivors’ experiences of follow-up care and their expectations of primary care within China’s evolving health system.</p> Methods <p>A multicenter qualitative study using a descriptive phenomenological approach was conducted across 9 community-level sites in Shandong Province, China. Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were undertaken with 50 adult cancer survivors living with at least one chronic non-cancer comorbidity. Participants were purposively selected from a larger survey sample using maximum variation sampling. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Data collection continued until saturation was achieved.</p> Results <p>Three overarching themes emerged. First, comorbidity amplified fragmentation across specialist-driven care pathways, placing survivors in the role of self-coordinators and reinforcing the need for a central primary care provider. Second, overlapping symptoms across cancer and chronic conditions generated persistent uncertainty, increasing survivors’ demand for interpretive support from primary care. Third, comorbidity reframed survivorship as a long-term, chronic experience, heightening expectations for continuity, emotional support, and assistance with daily-life management.</p> Conclusions <p>Comorbidity fundamentally reshapes cancer survivorship care needs, underscoring the importance of integrating oncology follow-up within primary care–based chronic disease management frameworks.</p> Implications for Cancer Survivors <p>Strengthening primary care coordination and continuity may reduce uncertainty, ease self-management burdens, and improve the overall survivorship experience for individuals living with cancer and comorbidity.</p>