Reversible data hiding for color images using a novel self-attention based CNN predictor and error adjustment
摘要
In prediction-based reversible data hiding (RDH), achieving high prediction accuracy is essential for obtaining high-fidelity marked images with increased embedding capacity. To this end, this paper proposes two novel techniques: a self-attention-based convolutional neural network predictor (SA-CNNP) and an error adjustment strategy for color images. The SA-CNNP effectively captures both local characteristics and global pixel dependencies, resulting in comprehensive coverage and improved prediction accuracy. The error adjustment strategy further enhances accuracy by refining the prediction errors of two color channels using the error distribution of a reference channel, thereby promoting inter-channel consistency. Experimental results demonstrate that these innovations lead to significant improvements. More specifically, the proposed SA-CNNP achieves a sharper prediction error histogram with approximately 8