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<p>Measuring the heart rates is essential for assessing the cardiovascular health conditions. This is because the abnormal cardiac activities such as the arrhythmia or other heart diseases will yield the abnormal heart rates. In the recent years, the photoplethysmograms (PPGs) instead of the electrocardiograms (ECGs) are used for measuring the heart rates. However, it is found that the heart rates measured by the PPGs are different from those measured by the ECGs. One of the objectives of this paper is to explain for the discrepancy. First, as it takes the time for the blood flowing from the heart to the other parts of the body, the transfer function from the ECGs to the PPGs would exhibits a delay behavior. Therefore, the peaks of the PPGs fall between the corresponding two consecutive R peaks of the ECGs. Moreover, as the heart rates are not constant and there is a heart rate variability (HRV), the time interval between the first R peak and the second R peak of the ECG is not the same as that between the second R peak and the third R peak of the ECG. Hence, the time interval between the first peak and the second peak of the PPG is also not the same as the above values measured from the ECGs. This explains the discrepancy. The second objective of this paper is to correct the heart rates measured by the PPGs. As the HRV is the main cause for the discrepancy, this paper proposes an HRV based model for correcting the heart rates measured by the PPGs. The computer numerical simulations are conducted. The results show that the heart rates estimated using the HRV based model are closer to the heart rates measured by the ECGs. This result also validates the reason for the discrepancy.</p>

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Relationship between the heart rate variability and the heart rate errors estimated via the photoplethysmograms

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月21日

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  • Qian Liu,
  • Bingo Wing-Kuen Ling,
  • Juntao Ding

摘要

Measuring the heart rates is essential for assessing the cardiovascular health conditions. This is because the abnormal cardiac activities such as the arrhythmia or other heart diseases will yield the abnormal heart rates. In the recent years, the photoplethysmograms (PPGs) instead of the electrocardiograms (ECGs) are used for measuring the heart rates. However, it is found that the heart rates measured by the PPGs are different from those measured by the ECGs. One of the objectives of this paper is to explain for the discrepancy. First, as it takes the time for the blood flowing from the heart to the other parts of the body, the transfer function from the ECGs to the PPGs would exhibits a delay behavior. Therefore, the peaks of the PPGs fall between the corresponding two consecutive R peaks of the ECGs. Moreover, as the heart rates are not constant and there is a heart rate variability (HRV), the time interval between the first R peak and the second R peak of the ECG is not the same as that between the second R peak and the third R peak of the ECG. Hence, the time interval between the first peak and the second peak of the PPG is also not the same as the above values measured from the ECGs. This explains the discrepancy. The second objective of this paper is to correct the heart rates measured by the PPGs. As the HRV is the main cause for the discrepancy, this paper proposes an HRV based model for correcting the heart rates measured by the PPGs. The computer numerical simulations are conducted. The results show that the heart rates estimated using the HRV based model are closer to the heart rates measured by the ECGs. This result also validates the reason for the discrepancy.