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<p>Chief Mkwawa’s skull, housed at the Kalenga Museum located in the Kalenga administrative ward, approximately 15&#xa0;km from Iringa town along the highway to Ruaha National Park in Tanzania, symbolises anti-colonial resistance in Tanzania. This article examines the legal and ethical dimensions of the heritage ownership dispute between the Tanzanian government, which claims rights under the Antiquities Act, and the Mkwawa family and Hehe community, who seek custodial rights based on cultural traditions. It analyses the interplay between ritual practices and cultural tourism, emphasising tensions arising from existing heritage legislation and museum operations. The article proposes a multi-stakeholder heritage management model to reconcile competing interests, promote sustainable cultural tourism, and ensure effective heritage preservation.</p>

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Heritage Ownership and Ethics: Negotiating Ownership of Chief Mkwawa’s Skull in Tanzania

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月19日

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  • Titus Luomba Ombori

摘要

Chief Mkwawa’s skull, housed at the Kalenga Museum located in the Kalenga administrative ward, approximately 15 km from Iringa town along the highway to Ruaha National Park in Tanzania, symbolises anti-colonial resistance in Tanzania. This article examines the legal and ethical dimensions of the heritage ownership dispute between the Tanzanian government, which claims rights under the Antiquities Act, and the Mkwawa family and Hehe community, who seek custodial rights based on cultural traditions. It analyses the interplay between ritual practices and cultural tourism, emphasising tensions arising from existing heritage legislation and museum operations. The article proposes a multi-stakeholder heritage management model to reconcile competing interests, promote sustainable cultural tourism, and ensure effective heritage preservation.