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<p>Galactinol synthase (<i>GolS</i>) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of raffinose and plays a vital role in plant adaptation to abiotic stresses. However, <i>GolS</i> gene family has not been comprehensively analysed in cotton. In this work, 36 <i>GolS</i> genes were screened across four cotton species (<i>Gossypium arboreum</i><i>,</i> <i>G.</i> <i>raimondii</i>, <i>G</i>. <i>hirsutum</i> and <i>G</i>. <i>barbadense</i>). Their conserved domains/motifs, exon/intron structure, phylogeny, chromosomal distribution, syntenic relationship, and cis-acting elements were systematically studied in detail. Phylogenetic analysis revealed clustering of cotton <i>GolS</i> genes into three major groups, with close relationships to <i>Arabidopsis GolS</i> genes, suggesting functional conservation across species. Chromosomal mapping showed uneven distribution, while synteny and collinearity analyses identified multiple paralogous and orthologous pairs, with segmental duplication emerging as the primary driver of <i>GolS</i> gene family expansion. In silico prediction revealed that members of the <i>GhGolS</i> gene family are extensively targeted by multiple cotton-specific miRNAs. Expression profiling using transcriptomic data further revealed tissue-specific regulation and responsiveness of <i>GhGolS</i> genes to major abiotic stresses. Interestingly, the wide distribution of cis-regulatory elements associated with light, growth, development, hormones, and stress responses supports the observed expression patterns and highlights their potential roles in stress adaptation. Overall, this work sets a starting point for furthur investigation into cotton <i>GolS</i> genes and provides novel resources for breeding programmes aimed at enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in cotton.</p>

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Comparative genome-wide analysis and characterization of galactinol synthase (GolS) gene family in diploid and tetraploid cotton species

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月23日

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  • Umm e Abaida Noor,
  • Muhammad Shaban,
  • Muhammad Abubakkar Azmat,
  • Saman Arshad,
  • Abdul Hafeez,
  • Kamran Javed

摘要

Galactinol synthase (GolS) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of raffinose and plays a vital role in plant adaptation to abiotic stresses. However, GolS gene family has not been comprehensively analysed in cotton. In this work, 36 GolS genes were screened across four cotton species (Gossypium arboreum, G. raimondii, G. hirsutum and G. barbadense). Their conserved domains/motifs, exon/intron structure, phylogeny, chromosomal distribution, syntenic relationship, and cis-acting elements were systematically studied in detail. Phylogenetic analysis revealed clustering of cotton GolS genes into three major groups, with close relationships to Arabidopsis GolS genes, suggesting functional conservation across species. Chromosomal mapping showed uneven distribution, while synteny and collinearity analyses identified multiple paralogous and orthologous pairs, with segmental duplication emerging as the primary driver of GolS gene family expansion. In silico prediction revealed that members of the GhGolS gene family are extensively targeted by multiple cotton-specific miRNAs. Expression profiling using transcriptomic data further revealed tissue-specific regulation and responsiveness of GhGolS genes to major abiotic stresses. Interestingly, the wide distribution of cis-regulatory elements associated with light, growth, development, hormones, and stress responses supports the observed expression patterns and highlights their potential roles in stress adaptation. Overall, this work sets a starting point for furthur investigation into cotton GolS genes and provides novel resources for breeding programmes aimed at enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in cotton.