<p>The increasing frequency and severity of drought, driven by global climate change, present a serious challenge to olive cultivation by negatively affecting both yield and oil quality. To address this issue, plant priming has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance drought tolerance in olive trees. Priming refers to a physiological state triggered by prior exposure to mild stress or by the application of natural, chemical, or biological agents, which equips plants to respond more rapidly and effectively to future stress events. This review highlights recent advances in the use of various priming agents such as salicylic acid, abscisic acid, selenium, silicon, glycine betaine, kaolin, ambiol, chitosan, and seaweed extracts that improve drought tolerance in olive by enhancing the physiological performance. Biopriming, involving beneficial microorganisms like arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, further contributes to drought tolerance by promoting nutrient uptake, root development and stress-responsive pathways. In addition, another form of priming, recently explored in olive trees, consists of stress pre-exposure, which has shown relevance in enhancing drought tolerance by inducing stress memory. This memory leads to long-lasting physiological and biochemical adaptations that strengthen the plant’s response to subsequent drought. This review focuses on the recent advancements in understanding priming mechanisms in olive trees and their potential to mitigate drought stress.</p>