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<p>Chalcone isomerase (CHI) is an important enzyme involved in the flavonoids and isoflavonoids biosynthetic pathway, which confer therapeutic properties to plants. <i>Orchidaceae</i> is one of the largest and diverse flowering plant families known for its pharmaceutical potential. Hence, an <i>in-silico</i> study for identification and characterization of <i>CHI</i> genes was carried out in three orchid species&#xa0;–&#xa0;<i>Apostasia shenzhenica</i>, <i>Dendrobium catenatum</i> and <i>Phalaenopsis equestris</i>. A total of 14 CHI protein sequences were identified. Domain analysis predicted the presence of Chalcone_3 domain while motif analysis identified ten conserved motifs. Multiple sequence alignment was performed to locate the positions of critical catalytic sites as well as other active sites. Further, phylogenetic clustering and ortholog prediction classified the CHI proteins into three types&#xa0;–&#xa0;type I, type III and type IV. Homology modeling was carried out to predict the secondary and tertiary structures of CHI proteins. Likewise, gene structure analysis revealed the exon–intron distribution. Furthermore, prediction of <i>cis</i>-acting regulatory elements and expression profiles of <i>CHI</i> genes helped in providing insights to their putative roles in the orchid species under study. Therefore, this study provides a robust foundation for functional characterization of <i>CHI</i> genes in orchids.</p>

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Genome-wide characterization of Chalcone Isomerase (CHI) gene family: A study in three Orchid species

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月26日

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  • Neha Thakur,
  • Samarth Sharma,
  • Arshpreet Kaur,
  • Siddharth Tiwari,
  • Jaspreet K. Sembi

摘要

Chalcone isomerase (CHI) is an important enzyme involved in the flavonoids and isoflavonoids biosynthetic pathway, which confer therapeutic properties to plants. Orchidaceae is one of the largest and diverse flowering plant families known for its pharmaceutical potential. Hence, an in-silico study for identification and characterization of CHI genes was carried out in three orchid species – Apostasia shenzhenica, Dendrobium catenatum and Phalaenopsis equestris. A total of 14 CHI protein sequences were identified. Domain analysis predicted the presence of Chalcone_3 domain while motif analysis identified ten conserved motifs. Multiple sequence alignment was performed to locate the positions of critical catalytic sites as well as other active sites. Further, phylogenetic clustering and ortholog prediction classified the CHI proteins into three types – type I, type III and type IV. Homology modeling was carried out to predict the secondary and tertiary structures of CHI proteins. Likewise, gene structure analysis revealed the exon–intron distribution. Furthermore, prediction of cis-acting regulatory elements and expression profiles of CHI genes helped in providing insights to their putative roles in the orchid species under study. Therefore, this study provides a robust foundation for functional characterization of CHI genes in orchids.