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<p>Drought stress, exacerbated by climate change, significantly impacts crop growth and productivity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of drought stress on physiological, oxidative, and antioxidative parameters in the leaves of two maize hybrids (ZP 555 and ZP 606) at the stage of three fully developed leaves. The results indicated that drought-induced time-dependent changes in the measured parameters occurred without significant differences between hybrids. Indeed, after 8&#xa0;days of water deficit, both hybrids exhibited reduced relative water content and chlorophyll a concentration, accompanied by increases in chlorophyll b and carotenoid content. A prolonged drought (lasting 15&#xa0;days) intensified these effects. Oxidative stress markers, including hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, increased significantly, indicating cellular membrane damage. The antioxidant response involved increased superoxide dismutase activity in both hybrids, while catalase and Class III peroxidase activities increased only in ZP 555. However, these enzymatic adjustments were insufficient to prevent oxidative damage, suggesting limited stress-mitigating capacity. Proline levels, crucial for osmotic adjustment, decreased under drought conditions, further confirming the hybrids' sensitivity to water deficit. The reduction in phenolic compounds, particularly p-coumaric and ferulic acids, may suggest their utilisation in root cell wall lignification as a compensatory, rather than protective, response to dehydration. Overall, these findings indicate that ZP 555 and ZP 606 are sensitive to drought stress at the three-leaf stage, as oxidative processes prevail despite antioxidant activation. Further research should identify the specific genes and metabolic pathways underlying these stress responses and explore additional antioxidative mechanisms that could enhance drought resilience in maize.</p>

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Drought impact on antioxidant profiles: Responses in two maize hybrids

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月14日

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  • Nataša Lukić,
  • Tanja Trifković,
  • Danijela Mišić,
  • Danijela Kojić,
  • Biljana Kukavica

摘要

Drought stress, exacerbated by climate change, significantly impacts crop growth and productivity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of drought stress on physiological, oxidative, and antioxidative parameters in the leaves of two maize hybrids (ZP 555 and ZP 606) at the stage of three fully developed leaves. The results indicated that drought-induced time-dependent changes in the measured parameters occurred without significant differences between hybrids. Indeed, after 8 days of water deficit, both hybrids exhibited reduced relative water content and chlorophyll a concentration, accompanied by increases in chlorophyll b and carotenoid content. A prolonged drought (lasting 15 days) intensified these effects. Oxidative stress markers, including hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, increased significantly, indicating cellular membrane damage. The antioxidant response involved increased superoxide dismutase activity in both hybrids, while catalase and Class III peroxidase activities increased only in ZP 555. However, these enzymatic adjustments were insufficient to prevent oxidative damage, suggesting limited stress-mitigating capacity. Proline levels, crucial for osmotic adjustment, decreased under drought conditions, further confirming the hybrids' sensitivity to water deficit. The reduction in phenolic compounds, particularly p-coumaric and ferulic acids, may suggest their utilisation in root cell wall lignification as a compensatory, rather than protective, response to dehydration. Overall, these findings indicate that ZP 555 and ZP 606 are sensitive to drought stress at the three-leaf stage, as oxidative processes prevail despite antioxidant activation. Further research should identify the specific genes and metabolic pathways underlying these stress responses and explore additional antioxidative mechanisms that could enhance drought resilience in maize.