<p>Aquatic oligochaetes, widely found in freshwater ecosystems, serve as crucial indicators of water quality and play a pivotal role in managing and processing organically enriched habitats. The current study investigates the influence of abiotic factors on the distribution of aquatic oligochaetes in Dal Lake. The results reveal the presence of 12 species, belonging to Oligochaeta dominated by Naididae, exhibiting varying abundance percentages: 94% Naididae and 6% Lumbriculidae. Oligochaete density and diversity were explored, revealing <i>Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri</i> as the dominant species, showcasing site-specific variations. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) illustrated the intricate relationship between oligochaete species and environmental factors. Notably, <i>Tubifex tubifex</i>, <i>Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri</i>, and <i>Nais communis</i> were positively associated with water temperature, pH, free CO₂, and nitrate. While other Naididae species such as <i>Pristina longiseta</i>, <i>Chaetogaster limnaei</i>, and <i>Stylaria lacustris</i>, showed a preference for sites with higher conductivity, alkalinity, and total dissolved solids. The Generalized Additive Model (GAM) highlighted nitrate-nitrogen as the primary factor on Oligochaeta abundance in Dal Lake, followed by pH, water temperature, free carbon dioxide, total phosphate, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, and electrical conductivity. The optimal model, incorporating eight predictors, explained an impressive 88.5% deviance in Oligochaeta abundance, emphasizing the significance of these factors in shaping the ecosystem. This study contributes valuable insights into the intricate dynamics of Dal Lake's Oligochaeta community, shedding light on their diverse composition and the pivotal role of environmental parameters in shaping their abundance.</p>