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<p>During a survey of entomophilic nematodes in the Siddharthnagar district of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India, a diverse collection of dung beetles was gathered from four localities representing three distinct habitats: agricultural fields, shores of the Rapti River, and wetland areas. A total of 312 beetle individuals across 12 genera and species were examined, resulting in the identification of 509 nematode strains. These nematodes belonged to 11 genera, including <i>Allodiplogaster</i><i>, </i><i>Diplogastrellus</i><i>, </i><i>Fictor</i><i>, </i><i>Mononchoides</i><i>, </i><i>Metarhabditis</i><i>, </i><i>Onthodiplogaster</i><i>, </i><i>Oscheius</i><i>, </i><i>Paroigolaimella</i><i>, </i><i>Pelodera</i><i>, </i><i>Tokorhabditis</i>, and an unidentified genus. To explore the relationships between nematodes, their beetle hosts, and habitat distribution patterns, multivariate and bivariate analyses, clustering analyses, principal component analysis (PCA), and Pearson correlation coefficient analyses were conducted. The results revealed that the diversity of entomophilic nematodes was closely tied to the diversity and abundance of both free-living nematodes and beetles within specific habitats. Nematodes were found to associate with beetles primarily as a refuge, allowing them to escape unfavourable environmental conditions. In communities with high beetle diversity, diverse nematode assemblages were consistently present, with multiple nematode species often sharing the same beetle host—suggesting random associations. Genera such as <i>Metarhabditis</i>, <i>Oscheius</i>, and <i>Tokorhabditis</i> exhibited necromenic behavior; and <i>Allodiplogaster</i>, characterized by stomatal dimorphism, demonstrated enhanced survival capabilities during periods of starvation. These findings provided valuable insights into nematode–beetle associations and highlighted the essential role of habitat diversity in shaping the distribution patterns of these organisms.</p>

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Biodiversity and distribution of entomophilic nematodes in the Terai region of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月26日

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  • Mohammad Mahboob,
  • Sharad Mohan,
  • Qudsia Tahseen

摘要

During a survey of entomophilic nematodes in the Siddharthnagar district of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India, a diverse collection of dung beetles was gathered from four localities representing three distinct habitats: agricultural fields, shores of the Rapti River, and wetland areas. A total of 312 beetle individuals across 12 genera and species were examined, resulting in the identification of 509 nematode strains. These nematodes belonged to 11 genera, including Allodiplogaster, Diplogastrellus, Fictor, Mononchoides, Metarhabditis, Onthodiplogaster, Oscheius, Paroigolaimella, Pelodera, Tokorhabditis, and an unidentified genus. To explore the relationships between nematodes, their beetle hosts, and habitat distribution patterns, multivariate and bivariate analyses, clustering analyses, principal component analysis (PCA), and Pearson correlation coefficient analyses were conducted. The results revealed that the diversity of entomophilic nematodes was closely tied to the diversity and abundance of both free-living nematodes and beetles within specific habitats. Nematodes were found to associate with beetles primarily as a refuge, allowing them to escape unfavourable environmental conditions. In communities with high beetle diversity, diverse nematode assemblages were consistently present, with multiple nematode species often sharing the same beetle host—suggesting random associations. Genera such as Metarhabditis, Oscheius, and Tokorhabditis exhibited necromenic behavior; and Allodiplogaster, characterized by stomatal dimorphism, demonstrated enhanced survival capabilities during periods of starvation. These findings provided valuable insights into nematode–beetle associations and highlighted the essential role of habitat diversity in shaping the distribution patterns of these organisms.