<p>The study was conducted over a two-year period in four olive groves spanning four Algerian regions: Algiers, Béjaïa, Bouira, and Tizi Ouzou. In each region, two sites (cultivated and uncultivated) were selected, varying in the presence or absence of agricultural practices. Ten traps were used in each olive grove. The primary objective of this study is to compare the abundance, diversity, species richness, and species composition between cultivated and uncultivated olive groves. Additionally, the study explores the relationship between habitat preferences and species abundance. Finally, the study compared the composition of spider guilds in the two agroecosystems. A total of 10,826 individual adult spiders were recorded (120 species, 77 genera, and 27 families). The Linyphiidae family proved to be the most abundant, constituting 24.80% of the total. The results revealed a significant difference in abundance between cultivated and uncultivated olive groves. However, there were no significant differences in the species richness and diversity of spiders between cultivated and uncultivated groves. The study analysed the preference of abundant species for uncultivated or cultivated olive groves. In all the studied olive groves, only one functional group (space web weavers) out of the eight observed did not differ when comparing the guild composition of spiders in cultivated and uncultivated crops. The application of Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) revealed that the structure of spider populations is influenced by local environmental factors.</p>