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<p>This study aimed to explore the hypothesis that chromium (Cr) contamination in soil adversely affects the growth and yield of black cumin plants, with potential consequences for the accumulation of Cr in their seeds. To validate this hypothesis, a controlled pot experiment was conducted from November to April. Pot soils were intentionally contaminated with varying concentrations of Cr, from 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 to 4.0&#xa0;mmol (mM) per litre, excluding the control group. Analysis at the harvesting stage focused on evaluating the growth, yield, and metal accumulation parameters of black cumin plants. The findings revealed a significant (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) reduction in all growth and yield parameters across all Cr doses, indicating a dose-dependent negative impact on plant development. Notably, the highest (4.0&#xa0;mM) dose of Cr significantly (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) decreased both chlorophyll a and b amount to 67% and 65%, respectively, emphasizing the sensitivity of black cumin to Cr-induced stress. Furthermore, the study showed a significant (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) decrease in fruit and seed yield with each dose of Cr. The loss of seed yield was from 43% (1.5&#xa0;mM Cr) to 71% (4.0&#xa0;mM Cr) compared to control. Bioaccumulation analysis indicated Cr levels in seeds surpassed the World Health Organization's (WHO) threshold limit for medicinal plants (1.5&#xa0;mg/kg). Despite this, the study highlighted that daily human consumption of these seeds, estimated at 10&#xa0;g, poses a minimal risk, as a Human Health Risk Assessment (HRA) concluded their safety for long-term consumption. From an agricultural economic standpoint, farmers are advised to refrain from cultivating black cumin plants in Cr-contaminated soil to ensure both crop quality and human health.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Assessing the impact of chromium (Cr) stress on the growth, yield, and human health risk of seeds from black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) plants

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月10日

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  • Adnan Khan,
  • Athar Ali Khan,
  • Sayma Samreen,
  • Mohd Irfan,
  • Mohd Sayeed Akhtar

摘要

This study aimed to explore the hypothesis that chromium (Cr) contamination in soil adversely affects the growth and yield of black cumin plants, with potential consequences for the accumulation of Cr in their seeds. To validate this hypothesis, a controlled pot experiment was conducted from November to April. Pot soils were intentionally contaminated with varying concentrations of Cr, from 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 to 4.0 mmol (mM) per litre, excluding the control group. Analysis at the harvesting stage focused on evaluating the growth, yield, and metal accumulation parameters of black cumin plants. The findings revealed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) reduction in all growth and yield parameters across all Cr doses, indicating a dose-dependent negative impact on plant development. Notably, the highest (4.0 mM) dose of Cr significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased both chlorophyll a and b amount to 67% and 65%, respectively, emphasizing the sensitivity of black cumin to Cr-induced stress. Furthermore, the study showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in fruit and seed yield with each dose of Cr. The loss of seed yield was from 43% (1.5 mM Cr) to 71% (4.0 mM Cr) compared to control. Bioaccumulation analysis indicated Cr levels in seeds surpassed the World Health Organization's (WHO) threshold limit for medicinal plants (1.5 mg/kg). Despite this, the study highlighted that daily human consumption of these seeds, estimated at 10 g, poses a minimal risk, as a Human Health Risk Assessment (HRA) concluded their safety for long-term consumption. From an agricultural economic standpoint, farmers are advised to refrain from cultivating black cumin plants in Cr-contaminated soil to ensure both crop quality and human health.

Graphical abstract