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<p>Microwave processing of metallic materials for coating or cladding has become increasingly popular in recent years. This research employed microwave radiation alongside a mixture of NiCrSiC-based metal matrix composite clads and rare-earth oxide La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (lanthanum oxide powder) to develop a surface cladding on martensitic stainless steel (AISI 420 steel). The microwave cladding process was carried out using 900&#xa0;W at a frequency of 2.45&#xa0;GHz for 580&#xa0;s. The metallurgical and microstructural study of composite clads was analyzed using SEM/EDS, XRD, and porosity, microhardness was also investigated. During the experiments, the measured surface hardness with these parameters was 543.74 ± 20 HV. At the optimal combination of these parameters, the hardness of AISI-420 was improved by approximately 64.76%. The SEM and optical microscope images showed the presence of silicon, nickel, and lanthanum oxide particles. The SEM images of the cladding layer and surface displayed a consistent cladding layer with fewer dark pixels indicating low porosity (0.83%), enhancing homogeneity. An X-ray diffraction analysis of the cladded surface revealed the presence of phases Fe<sub>7</sub>Ni<sub>3</sub>, La<sub>4</sub>Ni<sub>3</sub>O<sub>10</sub>, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, Ni<sub>3</sub>Si, FeNi<sub>3</sub>, and Ni<sub>3</sub>C phases. XRD phases (e.g., Fe₇Ni₃) contribute to increasing the hardness. </p>

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Exploring rare earth impact on mechanical and metallurgical properties of microwave-processed NiCrSiC-La2O3 composite clads

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月10日

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  • Yudhveer Kumar Verma,
  • Kanwarjeet Singh

摘要

Microwave processing of metallic materials for coating or cladding has become increasingly popular in recent years. This research employed microwave radiation alongside a mixture of NiCrSiC-based metal matrix composite clads and rare-earth oxide La2O3 (lanthanum oxide powder) to develop a surface cladding on martensitic stainless steel (AISI 420 steel). The microwave cladding process was carried out using 900 W at a frequency of 2.45 GHz for 580 s. The metallurgical and microstructural study of composite clads was analyzed using SEM/EDS, XRD, and porosity, microhardness was also investigated. During the experiments, the measured surface hardness with these parameters was 543.74 ± 20 HV. At the optimal combination of these parameters, the hardness of AISI-420 was improved by approximately 64.76%. The SEM and optical microscope images showed the presence of silicon, nickel, and lanthanum oxide particles. The SEM images of the cladding layer and surface displayed a consistent cladding layer with fewer dark pixels indicating low porosity (0.83%), enhancing homogeneity. An X-ray diffraction analysis of the cladded surface revealed the presence of phases Fe7Ni3, La4Ni3O10, Fe3O4, Ni3Si, FeNi3, and Ni3C phases. XRD phases (e.g., Fe₇Ni₃) contribute to increasing the hardness.