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<p>Salinity stress is a major abiotic constraint limiting the growth and establishment of tropical forestry species, yet hormone-mediated adaptation in <i>Swietenia macrophylla</i> (mahogany) remains poorly understood. This study evaluated morphometric, physiological, and proteomic responses of mahogany seedlings to salinity and assessed the roles of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) in stress recovery. Seedlings were exposed to three phases: prestress (80% field capacity), salinity stress (100 mM NaCl, EC ~ 4 dS m⁻¹), and recovery (freshwater leaching with foliar application of 0.6 mM JA or 0.8 mM SA). Salinity stress reduced photosynthetic rate by 58.6%, relative water content by 23%, and chlorophyll a content by 49%, while proline nearly doubled and membrane stability declined by 22%. Hormone treatments alleviated these effects. JA restored ~ 80% of photosynthetic capacity, increased shoot biomass by 127%, and promoted epicormic shoot regeneration, whereas SA enhanced root biomass by 65% and carotenoid content by 31%. Proteomic analysis showed that salinity stress downregulated key photosynthetic proteins, including RuBisCO and DAHP synthase, while upregulating stress-related proteins such as the cation/H⁺ antiporter and calcium-dependent protein kinase. During recovery, JA strongly increased RuBisCO and induced signaling proteins such as calcium-dependent protein kinase and allene oxide synthase, whereas SA showed moderate restoration of photosynthetic proteins and enhanced proteins associated with metabolic and redox processes. These findings indicate that JA primarily promotes photosynthetic recovery and shoot growth, while SA supports root development and cellular stability, highlighting their complementary roles in enhancing salinity tolerance in tropical tree species.</p>

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Morpho-physiological and proteomic analyses of the defense hormone-mediated salinity stress response in Swietenia macrophylla seedlings

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月6日

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  • K. C. Karthik,
  • P. Manju Elizabeth,
  • A. V. Santhoshkumar,
  • Binu N. Kamalolbhavan,
  • Delphy Rocha,
  • P. Y. Yathin

摘要

Salinity stress is a major abiotic constraint limiting the growth and establishment of tropical forestry species, yet hormone-mediated adaptation in Swietenia macrophylla (mahogany) remains poorly understood. This study evaluated morphometric, physiological, and proteomic responses of mahogany seedlings to salinity and assessed the roles of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) in stress recovery. Seedlings were exposed to three phases: prestress (80% field capacity), salinity stress (100 mM NaCl, EC ~ 4 dS m⁻¹), and recovery (freshwater leaching with foliar application of 0.6 mM JA or 0.8 mM SA). Salinity stress reduced photosynthetic rate by 58.6%, relative water content by 23%, and chlorophyll a content by 49%, while proline nearly doubled and membrane stability declined by 22%. Hormone treatments alleviated these effects. JA restored ~ 80% of photosynthetic capacity, increased shoot biomass by 127%, and promoted epicormic shoot regeneration, whereas SA enhanced root biomass by 65% and carotenoid content by 31%. Proteomic analysis showed that salinity stress downregulated key photosynthetic proteins, including RuBisCO and DAHP synthase, while upregulating stress-related proteins such as the cation/H⁺ antiporter and calcium-dependent protein kinase. During recovery, JA strongly increased RuBisCO and induced signaling proteins such as calcium-dependent protein kinase and allene oxide synthase, whereas SA showed moderate restoration of photosynthetic proteins and enhanced proteins associated with metabolic and redox processes. These findings indicate that JA primarily promotes photosynthetic recovery and shoot growth, while SA supports root development and cellular stability, highlighting their complementary roles in enhancing salinity tolerance in tropical tree species.