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<p>To elucidate the physiological role of exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in alleviating low nitrogen stress in soybean, this study utilized a sand culture system under nitrogen-deficient conditions. We applied GABA to roots and thoroughly investigated its effects across morphological, nitrogen metabolic, and photosynthetic parameters. The results indicated that GABA application improved root system architecture and activity, thereby enhancing the plant’s nitrogen acquisition capacity. This was accompanied by coordinated increases in the activities of key nitrogen assimilation enzymes, specifically glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT). This metabolic realignment was supported by adjustments in carbon metabolism that preserved the carbon-nitrogen equilibrium, ensuring chlorophyll biosynthesis and sustaining the activity of enzymes involved in photosynthetic carbon assimilation. Consequently, GABA treatment led to significant gains in photosynthetic capacity and overall plant growth under low nitrogen stress. This study reveals a cascade regulatory mechanism involving root system architecture, nitrogen metabolism, carbon-nitrogen balance, and photosynthetic performance, providing a theoretical foundation for developing GABA-based biostimulants to enhance nitrogen use efficiency and support sustainable agriculture with reduced nitrogen fertilizer dependency.</p>

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γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) enhances nitrogen use efficiency in soybean through coordinated regulation of root architecture and nitrogen metabolism under low nitrogen stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Minjia Lu,
  • Yuanhao Duan,
  • Peiyu Chu,
  • Yaokun Wu,
  • Xunqi Chen,
  • Sijia Wen,
  • Xufan Zhang,
  • Zihao Zhang,
  • Xijun Jin

摘要

To elucidate the physiological role of exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in alleviating low nitrogen stress in soybean, this study utilized a sand culture system under nitrogen-deficient conditions. We applied GABA to roots and thoroughly investigated its effects across morphological, nitrogen metabolic, and photosynthetic parameters. The results indicated that GABA application improved root system architecture and activity, thereby enhancing the plant’s nitrogen acquisition capacity. This was accompanied by coordinated increases in the activities of key nitrogen assimilation enzymes, specifically glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT). This metabolic realignment was supported by adjustments in carbon metabolism that preserved the carbon-nitrogen equilibrium, ensuring chlorophyll biosynthesis and sustaining the activity of enzymes involved in photosynthetic carbon assimilation. Consequently, GABA treatment led to significant gains in photosynthetic capacity and overall plant growth under low nitrogen stress. This study reveals a cascade regulatory mechanism involving root system architecture, nitrogen metabolism, carbon-nitrogen balance, and photosynthetic performance, providing a theoretical foundation for developing GABA-based biostimulants to enhance nitrogen use efficiency and support sustainable agriculture with reduced nitrogen fertilizer dependency.