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<p>Established methods of agricultural farming and crop fertilization are unsustainable. Ecologically reliable means are essential to meet growing demand and crop yield improvement. Rhizosphere microbiome and root- associated bacteria of cereal crops (culture able and non-culture able) can aid to improve nutrient availability, fertility status of soil and crop production. Culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques were utilized to examine the diversity of bacteria associated with the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of the two wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>. L) Varieties, Chakwal-50 and Freed-06. From two wheat varieties cultivated in the National Agriculture Research Council (NARC), 29 bacterial isolates were isolated through culture-dependent techniques. Browsing of rhizosphere soil of wheat varieties was also done for identification of microbial taxa, richness of 16&#xa0;S-rRNA and <i>nif</i>H genes through non-culture-based practices, including cloning and Restriction Fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Through RFLP and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), 450 PCR amplicon were identified. From 29 isolates, five bacteria species <i>Pseudomonas moraviensis</i>,<i> Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i>,<i> Exiguobacterium undae</i>,<i> Sphingobacterium</i> sp., and <i>Microbacterium paraoxydan</i> were selected on the basis of better survival efficiency, P-solublization potential and indole-acetic acid and gibberellic acid production for inoculation in field conditions. The obtained sequences resembled 11 phyla of bacteria. Bacterial sequences (16&#xa0;S-rRNA) were identified by pyrosequencing in both varieties of wheat. Chakwal-50 had 1897 sequences and in the Freed-06 variety, 2614 sequences were identified that shared similarities with a total of 10 phyla of <i>Archaea</i> and Bacteria. <i>Proteobacteria</i> and its associated families appeared as major taxa having 44–47% sequences in both varieties. Other major phyla were <i>Actinobacteria</i>, <i>Acidobacteria</i> and <i>Firmicutes</i>. PGPR inoculation improved NO<sub>3</sub>-N (20–40%), P (17–40%) and K (20–25%) in the soil as compared to control. Improvement in physiological indices chlorophyll (15–25%), soluble protein (20–25%), soluble sugar (14–55%), IAA and ABA in leaves (20–50%) and different yield indices (13–30%) were recorded by the inoculation of PGPR. It is concluded that microbial taxa are recruited on the basis of root exudates and there is no major difference in microbiome of two wheat varieties.</p>

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Metagenomic analysis of two bread wheat (Triticum aestivum. L.) varieties for exploring rhizosphere Microbiome and culture-able beneficial plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月27日

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  • Irum Naz,
  • Asghari Bano,
  • Muhammed Sajjad Mirza,
  • Tamoor Ul Hassan

摘要

Established methods of agricultural farming and crop fertilization are unsustainable. Ecologically reliable means are essential to meet growing demand and crop yield improvement. Rhizosphere microbiome and root- associated bacteria of cereal crops (culture able and non-culture able) can aid to improve nutrient availability, fertility status of soil and crop production. Culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques were utilized to examine the diversity of bacteria associated with the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of the two wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) Varieties, Chakwal-50 and Freed-06. From two wheat varieties cultivated in the National Agriculture Research Council (NARC), 29 bacterial isolates were isolated through culture-dependent techniques. Browsing of rhizosphere soil of wheat varieties was also done for identification of microbial taxa, richness of 16 S-rRNA and nifH genes through non-culture-based practices, including cloning and Restriction Fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Through RFLP and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), 450 PCR amplicon were identified. From 29 isolates, five bacteria species Pseudomonas moraviensis, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Exiguobacterium undae, Sphingobacterium sp., and Microbacterium paraoxydan were selected on the basis of better survival efficiency, P-solublization potential and indole-acetic acid and gibberellic acid production for inoculation in field conditions. The obtained sequences resembled 11 phyla of bacteria. Bacterial sequences (16 S-rRNA) were identified by pyrosequencing in both varieties of wheat. Chakwal-50 had 1897 sequences and in the Freed-06 variety, 2614 sequences were identified that shared similarities with a total of 10 phyla of Archaea and Bacteria. Proteobacteria and its associated families appeared as major taxa having 44–47% sequences in both varieties. Other major phyla were Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Firmicutes. PGPR inoculation improved NO3-N (20–40%), P (17–40%) and K (20–25%) in the soil as compared to control. Improvement in physiological indices chlorophyll (15–25%), soluble protein (20–25%), soluble sugar (14–55%), IAA and ABA in leaves (20–50%) and different yield indices (13–30%) were recorded by the inoculation of PGPR. It is concluded that microbial taxa are recruited on the basis of root exudates and there is no major difference in microbiome of two wheat varieties.