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<p>Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) represents a promising technique for the stabilization of sand, however, the excessive activity of urease often leads to non-uniform carbonate precipitation, thus limiting its field applicability. To address these challenges, this study introduces a strategy that integrates urease inhibitor regulation with a pre-mixing approach. The results demonstrate that N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) at an optimal dosage of 0.1% relative to the mass of urea effectively slows urea hydrolysis. Mechanical testing reveals that sand columns treated with 0.1% NBPT exhibit the highest UCS, attributable to the enhanced uniformity of calcium carbonate distribution achieved through one-directional grouting. This finding is supported by mercury intrusion porosimetry. Microstructural analyses indicate that NBPT stabilizes vaterite and fosters its synergistic coexistence with calcite, thereby enhancing pore-filling efficiency and interparticle cementation. Notably, pre-mixing experiments show that 0.1% NBPT extends the workable pre-mixing time to 300 min, decreases post-curing surface hardness by 40%, and effectively prevents the formation of dense surface carbonate crusts, thereby enhancing constructability and suitability for vegetation. Rainfall erosion tests further confirm that NBPT-assisted mixed spraying reduces the mass loss of sandy slopes by approximately 18%. Collectively, this study delineates a controllable and engineering-oriented approach for large-scale EICP-based sand stabilization.</p>

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Optimization of enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation for Yellow River silty sand stabilization: A strategy combining urease inhibitor regulation and pre-mixing process

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月17日

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  • Wenbo Shi,
  • Linchang Miao,
  • Wanwan Lu,
  • Chuangjian Chen

摘要

Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) represents a promising technique for the stabilization of sand, however, the excessive activity of urease often leads to non-uniform carbonate precipitation, thus limiting its field applicability. To address these challenges, this study introduces a strategy that integrates urease inhibitor regulation with a pre-mixing approach. The results demonstrate that N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) at an optimal dosage of 0.1% relative to the mass of urea effectively slows urea hydrolysis. Mechanical testing reveals that sand columns treated with 0.1% NBPT exhibit the highest UCS, attributable to the enhanced uniformity of calcium carbonate distribution achieved through one-directional grouting. This finding is supported by mercury intrusion porosimetry. Microstructural analyses indicate that NBPT stabilizes vaterite and fosters its synergistic coexistence with calcite, thereby enhancing pore-filling efficiency and interparticle cementation. Notably, pre-mixing experiments show that 0.1% NBPT extends the workable pre-mixing time to 300 min, decreases post-curing surface hardness by 40%, and effectively prevents the formation of dense surface carbonate crusts, thereby enhancing constructability and suitability for vegetation. Rainfall erosion tests further confirm that NBPT-assisted mixed spraying reduces the mass loss of sandy slopes by approximately 18%. Collectively, this study delineates a controllable and engineering-oriented approach for large-scale EICP-based sand stabilization.