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<p>The increasing emission of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) has intensified global efforts toward its conversion and utilization. Electrocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction reaction (CO<sub>2</sub>RR) has emerged as a promising sustainable strategy to address interconnected energy and environmental challenges. Among the various products of CO<sub>2</sub> reduction, methanol has attracted significant research attention as both an essential chemical feedstock and a promising renewable energy carrier. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in the electrocatalytic conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> to methanol, with systematic discussions on fundamental reaction mechanisms and pathways, innovative reactor configurations, diverse catalysts, and auxiliary optimization strategies. Particular emphasis is placed on categorizing and evaluating various catalysts, including mono-/bimetallic catalysts, molecular catalysts, enzyme catalysts, and carbon-based materials, while exploring their structure-activity relationships and performance enhancement strategies for improving methanol selectivity. Furthermore, the techno-economic viability of current processes is analyzed, assessing the cost-effectiveness and commercial potential of electrocatalytic methanol production. Finally, based on current research progress and existing challenges, key research directions are outlined to advance the development of commercially feasible electrocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub>-to-methanol systems, providing practical guidance for future investigations.</p>

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Progress and perspectives of electrochemical CO2 reduction to methanol

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月10日

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  • Changlong Zhu,
  • Xupeng Yan,
  • Peng Liu,
  • Qichen Lu,
  • Lin Hu,
  • Tianyi Zhou,
  • Ruling Huang,
  • Bo Hu,
  • Kexin Zhang,
  • Xiaolong Wang,
  • Dongfang Guo,
  • Shisen Xu,
  • Qinggong Zhu,
  • Buxing Han

摘要

The increasing emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) has intensified global efforts toward its conversion and utilization. Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) has emerged as a promising sustainable strategy to address interconnected energy and environmental challenges. Among the various products of CO2 reduction, methanol has attracted significant research attention as both an essential chemical feedstock and a promising renewable energy carrier. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in the electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 to methanol, with systematic discussions on fundamental reaction mechanisms and pathways, innovative reactor configurations, diverse catalysts, and auxiliary optimization strategies. Particular emphasis is placed on categorizing and evaluating various catalysts, including mono-/bimetallic catalysts, molecular catalysts, enzyme catalysts, and carbon-based materials, while exploring their structure-activity relationships and performance enhancement strategies for improving methanol selectivity. Furthermore, the techno-economic viability of current processes is analyzed, assessing the cost-effectiveness and commercial potential of electrocatalytic methanol production. Finally, based on current research progress and existing challenges, key research directions are outlined to advance the development of commercially feasible electrocatalytic CO2-to-methanol systems, providing practical guidance for future investigations.