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<p>Minimally invasive liver surgery requires a precise understanding of complex liver anatomy. Extended reality (XR) technologies, including virtual reality and mixed reality, offer promising solutions for enhancing preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of XR technology in minimally invasive hepatectomy and compare the outcomes of laparoscopic and robotic approaches. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 102 patients who underwent minimally invasive hepatectomy. Patients were categorized into XR-assisted (<i>n</i> = 47) and without XR (<i>n</i> = 55) groups. The XR group had significantly higher IWATE difficulty scores (median 6 vs. 4, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) and a greater proportion of anatomical resections (<b>57.4% vs. 27.3%</b>, <i>P</i> = 0.003). Nevertheless, the estimated blood loss (median 150 mL vs. 100 mL, <i>P</i> = 0.054) and incidence of severe complications (6.4% vs. 0%, <i>P</i> = 0.094) did not differ significantly between the XR and non-XR groups. Subgroup analyses of the robotic and laparoscopic procedures showed similar trends in safety outcomes. The potential of XR technology to enhance anatomical understanding suggests its valuable role in improving surgical quality and safety.</p>

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Potential contribution of extended reality to safety in minimally invasive hepatectomy: a comparative study of laparoscopic and robotic approaches

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月15日

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  • Shigetoshi Naito,
  • Masatoshi Kajiwara,
  • Ryo Nakashima,
  • Takahide Sasaki,
  • Katsudai Shirakabe,
  • Suguru Hasegawa

摘要

Minimally invasive liver surgery requires a precise understanding of complex liver anatomy. Extended reality (XR) technologies, including virtual reality and mixed reality, offer promising solutions for enhancing preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of XR technology in minimally invasive hepatectomy and compare the outcomes of laparoscopic and robotic approaches. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 102 patients who underwent minimally invasive hepatectomy. Patients were categorized into XR-assisted (n = 47) and without XR (n = 55) groups. The XR group had significantly higher IWATE difficulty scores (median 6 vs. 4, P < 0.001) and a greater proportion of anatomical resections (57.4% vs. 27.3%, P = 0.003). Nevertheless, the estimated blood loss (median 150 mL vs. 100 mL, P = 0.054) and incidence of severe complications (6.4% vs. 0%, P = 0.094) did not differ significantly between the XR and non-XR groups. Subgroup analyses of the robotic and laparoscopic procedures showed similar trends in safety outcomes. The potential of XR technology to enhance anatomical understanding suggests its valuable role in improving surgical quality and safety.