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<p>This study demonstrates a promising strategy for enhancing combustion performance and reducing exhaust emissions in compression-ignition (CI) diesel engines by utilizing biodiesel produced from non-edible Quercus brantii Lindl oil (QBLO) and enriched with nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles. The NiO nanoparticles were synthesized via a hydrothermal method and incorporated into a B15 fuel blend (15% biodiesel, 85% diesel) at concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 ppm. NiO nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, and TEM, confirming their crystalline structure, nanoscale uniformity, and high surface reactivity. Engine tests revealed that the addition of NiO nanoparticles significantly improved performance. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased by 6.2% at 100 ppm NiO compared to 50 ppm, while the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) decreased from 275&#xa0;g/kWh to 264&#xa0;g/kWh, indicating an approximate reduction of 4.1%. Emission analysis illustrated that CO levels dropped from 0.095% to 0.041% (57% reduction), and unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) decreased from 14.7 ppm to 5.3 ppm (64% reduction), whereas NO<sub>x</sub> emissions slightly increased from 612 ppm to 742 ppm at higher nanoparticle concentrations. Additionally, response surface methodology (RSM) revealed an excellent agreement between the second-order model and experimental data (R<sup>2</sup>&gt; 0.99), with 100 ppm NiO identified as the optimal concentration for balancing performance and emissions. The research confirms that NiO nanoparticle enrichment enhances performance and significantly lowers gaseous pollutants, highlighting the potential of QBLO-based biodiesel as a novel formulation alternative fuel for next-generation diesel engines.</p>

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Combustion improvement and emission mitigation in a compression ignition diesel engine fueled with NiO nanoparticle-enriched Quercus brantii Lindl biodiesel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月27日

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  • Basir Maleki,
  • S. Masoumeh Hosseini,
  • Reyhaneh Panahirad,
  • Amirreza Khosravi Baghdadeh

摘要

This study demonstrates a promising strategy for enhancing combustion performance and reducing exhaust emissions in compression-ignition (CI) diesel engines by utilizing biodiesel produced from non-edible Quercus brantii Lindl oil (QBLO) and enriched with nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles. The NiO nanoparticles were synthesized via a hydrothermal method and incorporated into a B15 fuel blend (15% biodiesel, 85% diesel) at concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 ppm. NiO nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, and TEM, confirming their crystalline structure, nanoscale uniformity, and high surface reactivity. Engine tests revealed that the addition of NiO nanoparticles significantly improved performance. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased by 6.2% at 100 ppm NiO compared to 50 ppm, while the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) decreased from 275 g/kWh to 264 g/kWh, indicating an approximate reduction of 4.1%. Emission analysis illustrated that CO levels dropped from 0.095% to 0.041% (57% reduction), and unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) decreased from 14.7 ppm to 5.3 ppm (64% reduction), whereas NOx emissions slightly increased from 612 ppm to 742 ppm at higher nanoparticle concentrations. Additionally, response surface methodology (RSM) revealed an excellent agreement between the second-order model and experimental data (R2> 0.99), with 100 ppm NiO identified as the optimal concentration for balancing performance and emissions. The research confirms that NiO nanoparticle enrichment enhances performance and significantly lowers gaseous pollutants, highlighting the potential of QBLO-based biodiesel as a novel formulation alternative fuel for next-generation diesel engines.