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<p>This study investigates the mechanical and drilling performance of eucalyptus globulus leaf stem microfiber reinforced hybrid composites incorporated with biocarbon filler and fabricated under treated and untreated conditions. Alkali–silane surface treatment was employed to enhance the interfacial adhesion between the reinforcement and matrix phases. The developed composites were evaluated through tensile, flexural, impact, hardness, morphological, and drilling analyses. Among all developed specimens, the MMB3 composite containing 5 vol% biocarbon and alkali–silane-treated fibers exhibited the best performance, achieving a tensile strength of approximately 94&#xa0;MPa, representing an improvement of about 309% over the neat matrix composite. Similarly, the flexural load-bearing capacity increased from approximately 80&#xa0;N for the neat matrix to nearly 350&#xa0;N for MMB3, corresponding to a 337% enhancement. The impact toughness increased from 1.2&#xa0;J to 4.1&#xa0;J, indicating a 242% improvement, while Shore D hardness increased from 76 to 91, corresponding to a 19.7% increase. SEM analysis confirmed improved interfacial bonding, reduced fiber pull-out, and efficient stress transfer in treated composites. Drilling analysis revealed improved hole quality, with dimensional deviation for the 8&#xa0;mm drilled hole decreasing from 3.0% in the neat matrix specimen to 0.5% in MMB3, while the 4&#xa0;mm hole deviation decreased from 5.3 to 0.8%. These results demonstrate that optimized biocarbon incorporation combined with alkali–silane treatment significantly enhances both the mechanical properties and machining performance of natural fiber reinforced hybrid composites for lightweight semi-structural applications.</p>

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Effect of alkali–silane treated Eucalyptus fiber and biocarbon on vinyl ester hybrid composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • P. Senthil Kumar,
  • R Karuppasamy,
  • R. Giri Prasad,
  • L. Guganathan

摘要

This study investigates the mechanical and drilling performance of eucalyptus globulus leaf stem microfiber reinforced hybrid composites incorporated with biocarbon filler and fabricated under treated and untreated conditions. Alkali–silane surface treatment was employed to enhance the interfacial adhesion between the reinforcement and matrix phases. The developed composites were evaluated through tensile, flexural, impact, hardness, morphological, and drilling analyses. Among all developed specimens, the MMB3 composite containing 5 vol% biocarbon and alkali–silane-treated fibers exhibited the best performance, achieving a tensile strength of approximately 94 MPa, representing an improvement of about 309% over the neat matrix composite. Similarly, the flexural load-bearing capacity increased from approximately 80 N for the neat matrix to nearly 350 N for MMB3, corresponding to a 337% enhancement. The impact toughness increased from 1.2 J to 4.1 J, indicating a 242% improvement, while Shore D hardness increased from 76 to 91, corresponding to a 19.7% increase. SEM analysis confirmed improved interfacial bonding, reduced fiber pull-out, and efficient stress transfer in treated composites. Drilling analysis revealed improved hole quality, with dimensional deviation for the 8 mm drilled hole decreasing from 3.0% in the neat matrix specimen to 0.5% in MMB3, while the 4 mm hole deviation decreased from 5.3 to 0.8%. These results demonstrate that optimized biocarbon incorporation combined with alkali–silane treatment significantly enhances both the mechanical properties and machining performance of natural fiber reinforced hybrid composites for lightweight semi-structural applications.