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<p>2-Aminopyridinium (2AP) ionic salts constitute one of the most largely examined families of organic single crystals for nonlinear optical (NLO), optoelectronic, and photonic device applications. It is generally formed through proton transfer from a Brønsted acid to 2-aminopyridine, these crystalline salts exploit the dual hydrogen-bond donating capacity of the protonated 2-aminopyridinium cation to construct the elaborate three-dimensional packing networks whose symmetry, topology, and intermolecular interaction which direct the observed macroscopic properties. This review consolidates the scientific literature published based on the synthesis, crystal growth, structural characterization, spectroscopic analysis, linear and nonlinear optical behavior, dielectric response, photoluminescence, thermal stability, mechanical properties, terahertz (THz) generation capability, biological activity of selected derivatives, and quantum-chemical theoretical studies of more than twenty distinct 2AP single-crystal systems. Structure-property relationships are analyzed across the full family, important methodological advances are highlighted, and directions for future investigate including methylated and halogenated analogues, periodic DFT modeling, and thin-film device integration are discussed.</p>

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2-Aminopyridinium-based single crystals: a comprehensive review of synthesis, crystal engineering, physicochemical properties and photonic applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月14日

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  • Pradeep Kumar R,
  • Subramaniyan Raja R,
  • Jagatheeswaran R,
  • Shalini A.S.

摘要

2-Aminopyridinium (2AP) ionic salts constitute one of the most largely examined families of organic single crystals for nonlinear optical (NLO), optoelectronic, and photonic device applications. It is generally formed through proton transfer from a Brønsted acid to 2-aminopyridine, these crystalline salts exploit the dual hydrogen-bond donating capacity of the protonated 2-aminopyridinium cation to construct the elaborate three-dimensional packing networks whose symmetry, topology, and intermolecular interaction which direct the observed macroscopic properties. This review consolidates the scientific literature published based on the synthesis, crystal growth, structural characterization, spectroscopic analysis, linear and nonlinear optical behavior, dielectric response, photoluminescence, thermal stability, mechanical properties, terahertz (THz) generation capability, biological activity of selected derivatives, and quantum-chemical theoretical studies of more than twenty distinct 2AP single-crystal systems. Structure-property relationships are analyzed across the full family, important methodological advances are highlighted, and directions for future investigate including methylated and halogenated analogues, periodic DFT modeling, and thin-film device integration are discussed.