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<p>A thiophene–pyrrole–thiophene (SNS)-based Schiff base ligand (LH) and its Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV–Vis, and <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy together with magnetic susceptibility and cyclic voltammetry measurements. Their electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical, electrochromic, morphological, and electronic properties were further investigated using electrochemical techniques, SEM, and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Spectroscopic, magnetic, electrochemical, and DFT results collectively suggested the formation of ML<sub>2</sub>-type complexes and provided support for the proposed coordination environments. Electronic absorption studies revealed π–π*, n–π*, and ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) transitions associated with the conjugated SNS framework and coordinated metal centers. Electrochemical measurements showed that the redox behavior mainly originated from oxidation of the conjugated backbone and reduction of the azomethine unit. The electropolymerized LH film exhibited reversible color transitions between orange, green, and blue within an applied potential window of 0 to + 1.2&#xa0;V. The polymer film displayed coloration and bleaching times of 4.9 and 2.0&#xa0;s, respectively, while preserving electrochemical stability after 5000 switching cycles. SEM analysis revealed a porous interconnected morphology that may facilitate ion diffusion and charge transport during electrochemical switching. Overall, the results demonstrate the potential of SNS-based Schiff base metal complexes for electrochromic applications.</p>

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Electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical, and DFT studies of SNS-based Schiff base Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) complexes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月24日

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  • Ahmet Büyükkoyuncu,
  • Ömer F. Öztürk,
  • Sermet Koyuncu

摘要

A thiophene–pyrrole–thiophene (SNS)-based Schiff base ligand (LH) and its Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV–Vis, and 1H NMR spectroscopy together with magnetic susceptibility and cyclic voltammetry measurements. Their electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical, electrochromic, morphological, and electronic properties were further investigated using electrochemical techniques, SEM, and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Spectroscopic, magnetic, electrochemical, and DFT results collectively suggested the formation of ML2-type complexes and provided support for the proposed coordination environments. Electronic absorption studies revealed π–π*, n–π*, and ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) transitions associated with the conjugated SNS framework and coordinated metal centers. Electrochemical measurements showed that the redox behavior mainly originated from oxidation of the conjugated backbone and reduction of the azomethine unit. The electropolymerized LH film exhibited reversible color transitions between orange, green, and blue within an applied potential window of 0 to + 1.2 V. The polymer film displayed coloration and bleaching times of 4.9 and 2.0 s, respectively, while preserving electrochemical stability after 5000 switching cycles. SEM analysis revealed a porous interconnected morphology that may facilitate ion diffusion and charge transport during electrochemical switching. Overall, the results demonstrate the potential of SNS-based Schiff base metal complexes for electrochromic applications.